| 1. |
- Ahlman, B., et al.
(författare)
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Elective abdominal surgery alters the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - Stockholm, Sweden : Taylor & Francis. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 161:8, s. 593-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the impact of a standard moderately severe surgical operation on the mucosal amino acid content of the duodenum and the colon.Design: Open study.Setting: University hospital, Sweden.Subjects: Nine patients who were to undergo elective open cholecystectomy.Interventions: Endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the intestinal mucosa. Main outcome measures: Changes in the content of free amino acids in the duodenum and colon at three days postoperatively.Results: The concentration of glutamine in the duodenum increased by 27% and that of glutamic acid by 34% after operation, whereas their content in colon remained unaltered. The concentration of branched chain amino acids increased by 26% in the duodenal mucosa after operation and by 24% in the colonic mucosa. The total concentration of amino acids (excluding taurine) increased by 9% in the duodenum, but remained unaltered in the colon.Conclusion: This study shows characteristic and consistent alterations in the free amino acid content of the intestinal tract after a moderately severe operation.
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| 2. |
- Ahlman, B., et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal amino acid content in critically ill patients
- 1995
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Ingår i: JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. - : American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition. - 0148-6071 .- 1941-2444. ; 19:4, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the concentrations of free amino acids and the total protein content of the human intestinal mucosa during critical illness. Methods: The free amino acid and protein concentrations in endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the duodenum and the distal colonic segments were determined on 19 critically ill patients. The free amino acids were separated by ion exchange chromatography and detected by fluorescence, and the protein content was quantified by the method of Lowry. Results: In general, the typical amino acid pattern of the intestinal mucosa was seen, with very high levels of taurine, aspartate and glutamic acid. The main difference, as compared to a reference series of healthy subjects, was the elevated glutamine concentration of the duodenal mucosa. This amino acid was unaltered in the descending colon and depressed in the rectum. At the same time, the glutamatic acid concentrations were unaltered, suggesting that the degradation of glutamine was not increased in the septic state of the majority of the patients studied. Phenylalanine and the two branched-chain amino acids, valine and leucine, were elevated in the duodenal mucosa, and in the colonic mucosa, methionine and phenylalanine were elevated; otherwise, all the other individual amino acids were unaltered or depressed. Conclusions: The alterations seen in mucosal free amino acid and protein concentrations in connection with critical illness are different in many respects and contrast with the findings seen after starvation or moderate surgical trauma.
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| 3. |
- Buntgen, U., et al.
(författare)
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Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though tree-ring chronologies are annually resolved, their dating has never been independently validated at the global scale. Moreover, it is unknown if atmospheric radiocarbon enrichment events of cosmogenic origin leave spatiotemporally consistent fingerprints. Here we measure the 14C content in 484 individual tree rings formed in the periods 770–780 and 990–1000 CE. Distinct 14C excursions starting in the boreal summer of 774 and the boreal spring of 993 ensure the precise dating of 44 tree-ring records from five continents. We also identify a meridional decline of 11-year mean atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations across both hemispheres. Corroborated by historical eye-witness accounts of red auroras, our results suggest a global exposure to strong solar proton radiation. To improve understanding of the return frequency and intensity of past cosmic events, which is particularly important for assessing the potential threat of space weather on our society, further annually resolved 14C measurements are needed.
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| 4. |
- Feldheiser, A., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2 : consensus statement for anaesthesia practice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 60:3, s. 289-334
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present interdisciplinary consensus review proposes clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthetic practice in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programme.Methods: Studies were selected with particular attention being paid to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English-language literature was examined and reviewed. The group reached a consensus recommendation after critical appraisal of the literature.Results: This consensus statement demonstrates that anaesthesiologists control several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ERAS elements. Further research is needed to verify the strength of these recommendations.Conclusions: Based on the evidence available for each element of perioperative care pathways, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS ((R))) Society presents a comprehensive consensus review, clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthesia care in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery within an ERAS programme. This unified protocol facilitates involvement of anaesthesiologists in the implementation of the ERAS programmes and allows for comparison between centres and it eventually might facilitate the design of multi-institutional prospective and adequately powered randomized trials.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Håkanson, B S, et al.
(författare)
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Open vs laparoscopic partial posterior fundoplication : A prospective randomized trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - New York, USA : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 21:2, s. 289-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study compares outcomes following open and laparoscopic partial posterior fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease concerning perioperative course, postoperative complications, symptomatic relief, recurrent disease, and the need for reinterventional surgery.Methods: A prospective randomized trial was performed. Pre- and postoperative testing included endoscopy, esophageal function testing, patient questionnaire, and clinical assessment. Patients were followed for three years.Materials: Ninety-three patients were randomized to open and 99 to laparoscopic surgery.Results: Complication rates were higher, and length of stay (LOS) [5 (3-36) vs 3 (1-12) days] and time off work [42 (12-76) vs 28 (0-108) days] was longer in the open group (p < 0.01). Early side effects and recurrences were more common (p < 0.05) in the laparoscopic group. One patient in the open group and 8 patients in the laparoscopic group required surgery for recurrent disease and 7 patients required surgery for incisional hernias after open surgery. Overall, at one and three years, there were no differences in patient-assessed satisfactory outcome (93.5/93.5 vs 88.8/90.8%) or reflux control (p = 0.53) between the open and laparoscopic groups.Conclusions: The finding of fewer general complications, shorter length of stay and recovery, similar need for reoperations, and comparable 3-year outcomes, makes the laparoscopic approach the primary choice when considering surgical options for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
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| 7. |
- Ljungqvist, B., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of Airborne Viable Particles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring for Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments. - New York : Informa Healthcare. - 9780824723590
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Renstrom, P, et al.
(författare)
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Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement
- 2008
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 42:6, s. 394-412
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains high in young athletes. Because female athletes have a much higher incidence of ACL injuries in sports such as basketball and team handball than male athletes, the IOC Medical Commission invited a multidisciplinary group of ACL expert clinicians and scientists to (1) review current evidence including data from the new Scandinavian ACL registries; (2) critically evaluate high-quality studies of injury mechanics; (3) consider the key elements of successful prevention programmes; (4) summarise clinical management including surgery and conservative management; and (5) identify areas for further research. Risk factors for female athletes suffering ACL injury include: (1) being in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle compared with the postovulatory phase; (2) having decreased intercondylar notch width on plain radiography; and (3) developing increased knee abduction moment (a valgus intersegmental torque) during impact on landing. Well-designed injury prevention programmes reduce the risk of ACL for athletes, particularly women. These programmes attempt to alter dynamic loading of the tibiofemoral joint through neuromuscular and proprioceptive training. They emphasise proper landing and cutting techniques. This includes landing softly on the forefoot and rolling back to the rearfoot, engaging knee and hip flexion and, where possible, landing on two feet. Players are trained to avoid excessive dynamic valgus of the knee and to focus on the "knee over toe position'' when cutting.
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