| 1. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp mill biorefineries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Process Integration Jubilee Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, March 18-20 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways for Increased Use and Refining of Biomass in Swedish Energy-intensive Industry
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Events in recent decades have placed climate change at the top of the political agenda. The European Union has assumed a vanguard role in global climate negotiations, pushing for ambitious international commitments. Furthermore, Sweden is positioning itself as a leader within the EU when it comes to setting the agenda for climate change. In Sweden, energy-intensive industries are responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions and their ability to switch to a renewable energy source could contribute significantly to the transition to a decarbonised economy.This study analyses the role of three energy-intensive industries with regard to increased refining and use of biomass and will also take a glimpse into the future in an attempt to gain further insight into what will affect future developments in this area. The study is limited to the pulp and paper industry, the iron and steel industry and the oil refining industry as well as the EU legislation that affects these industries. For each industry the operations of the following case companies, Södra, SSAB and Preem AB, are analysed specifically and for each company one or two selected plants exemplify the outcome of the implementation of different technologies. This interdisciplinary study combines a range of methods taken from engineering and social sciences.The industries studied all have different preconditions for transformations and the technological options available diverge to a large extent. There are many options for the pulp and paper industry compared to the iron and steel industry and the oil refining industry. The most likely technological option for this sector is to utilise internal resources for conversion to energy or material products and export of excess energy. Options for the steel producer SSAB include the substitution of part of the coke in the blast furnace with biomass or refined biomass products such as syngas and biomethane and forming an industrial symbiotic partnership. There are several options for the oil refining industry to substitute fossil feedstocks without the need to modify the existing infrastructure. One option is hydrotreatment of bio-oil into green diesel, which will be implemented at the Preem refinery in Gothenburg. However, green production of transportation fuels and substitution of coke in the blast furnace require large amounts of biomass and since biomass is a limited resource this is likely to act as a barrier to the development of these technologies.2Furthermore, it can be concluded that the companies studied could contribute significantly to the development of technologies that are in line with their core capabilities, while the development of technological options that require a change in their core capabilities is more limited. This discovery is further supported by the finding that the EU directives relevant to this report do not push industrial operators beyond efficiency measures along established technological lines. On the one hand, these legislative instruments, which are designed in the spirit of ecological modernisation, encourage the most cost-effective technologies and processes for the abatement of greenhouse gases relevant to each industry. On the other, they do not appear to be sufficient to raise the cost of carbon emissions and this contributes to a situation where incentives to make different biomass-based technologies economic are not present on the market. Over a longer time perspective none of the case companies believes that biomass will have increased significantly in the Swedish energy system by 2050. These case companies claim that biomass is too limited a resource and can only contribute in part to the necessary substitution of fossil fuels.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ljungstedt, Hanna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of opportunities for heat integration of biomass-based Fischer-Tropsch crude production at Scandinavian kraft pulp and paper mill sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 62, s. 349-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates heat integrated production of FT (Fischer-Tropsch) crude, where excess heat from the FT crude plant is delivered to a typical Scandinavian pulp and paper mill that produces fine paper. The sizes of FT crude plants are quantified, when the amount of excess heat from the FT plant exactly matches the heating demand otherwise satisfied by the bark boiler at the mill, considering a number of development pathways at the mill, including various degrees of steam savings and biorefinery options, such as lignin extraction. Performance of integrated production is compared with that of an FT stand-alone plant on the basis of wood fuel-to-FT crude efficiency, GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions balances and FT crude production cost. The results show that there exists a heat integration opportunity for an FT crude plant ranging from 0 up to 350 MW (LHV) of wood fuel depending on the development pathway for the mill. The results indicate higher overall efficiency and a generally lower production cost for the heat integrated, co-located production. Heat integrated production has a larger potential to contribute to GHG emission mitigation, assuming a future generation of grid electricity emitting equal to or less than an NGCC (natural gas combined cycle) power plant. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ljungstedt, Hanna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities for Heat Integration of Biomass-based Fischer-Tropsch Crude Production at Scandinavian Kraftliner Mill Sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216 .- 2283-9216. ; 35, s. 1051-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the potential for production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) crude at a typical pulp and paper mill producing kraftliner. Heat integrated FT crude production, where excess heat from the FT crude process is used to produce steam for the mill’s steam network, is evaluated for different levels of mill heat demand. The paper presents performance indicators, including wood fuel-to-FT crude efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) balances and production cost for FT crude, for co-located production of kraftliner and FT crude. These results are compared to corresponding performance indicators for FT crude production heat integrated with a mill producing fine paper, and stand-alone FT crude production, presented by the authors in a previous study. The results show that a typical kraftliner mill, in contrast to a typical fine paper mill, has a net steam demand even if large investments are made in steam saving measures. A kraft pulp and paper mill with an annual production of 417,000 ADt of kraftliner would need excess heat from an FT crude plant with 80 - 270 MW of wood fuel (LHV) input, depending on the heat demand at the mill. The wood fuel-to-FT crude efficiency, GHG emissions balances and production costs for FT crude are similar for heat integration in kraftliner and fine paper mill. The comparison of heat integrated and stand-alone FT crude production indicates higher wood fuel-to-FT crude efficiencies and lower production costs for heat integrated FT crude production. The reduction of GHG emissions is strongly affected by the assumed marginal electricity production technology, where heat integrated production benefits from low emitting electricity production technologies.
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| 6. |
- Ljungstedt, Hanna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Options for Increased Use and Refining of Biomass – the Case of Energy-intensive Industry in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings from World Renewable Energy Congress 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 17-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Events in recent decades have placed climate change at the top of the political agenda. In Sweden, energy-intensive industries are responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions and their ability to switch to renewable energy sources could contribute to the transition to a decarbonised economy. This interdisciplinary study has its starting point in three energy-intensive industries’ opportunities to take part in the development towards increased refining and use of biomass. The study includes the pulp and paper industry, the iron and steel industry and the oil refining industry, each exemplified by a case company. It can be concluded that there are several technological options in each industry. On the other hand, implementing one option for increased use of biomass in each case company could demand up to 34% of the estimated increase in Swedish biomass supply, in 2020. Additionally, in a longer time perspective none of the case companies believes that the amount of biomass in the Swedish industrial energy system have the possibility to increase significantly in the future.
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