| 1. |
- Chernykh, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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NEW ACOUSTICAL TECHNIQUE TO QUANTIFY METHANE EBULLITION IN SEDIMENT WATER COLUMN : A CASE STUDY IN THE LAPTEV SEA, THE ARCTIC OCEAN
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University - Geo Assets Engineering. - : National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2500-1019. ; 329:11, s. 153-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of the research is caused by the need to develop a scientifically based approach to quantitative estimation of bubble transfer of methane and other gases based on acoustic techniques, which allow reliable estimate of methane flow from the bubble unloading areas by sound locators and submarine sonars. The main aim of the research is to investigate the possible application of an acoustical technique based on acoustic scattering in bubble plumes vs the acoustical technique based on calibration which was applied to quantify in situ sonar observations; to show that both techniques can be used for a quantification of methane ebullition in the bottom-water column system. Objects: gas flares or seeps - the emanations of gas in the form of rising bubbles from the seabottom, which form stable regions of their increased concentration in the water column. Methods: modification of acoustical techniques based on acoustic scattering in bubble plumes and on ist calibration which was applied by authors to quantify in situ single sonar observations. Results. We demonstrate a first attempt to use acoustical techniques based on (1) acoustic scattering in bubble plumes vs acoustical technique based on (2) calibration which was applied to quantify in situ sonar observations. It has been shown that both techniques can be used for a quatitative express-evaluation of methane ebullition in the bottom-water system in any aquatic ecosystem including seas, lakes, and rivers, while the first acoustical technique gives the bubble efflux values -20 % lower then the second acoustical technique.
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| 2. |
- Martens, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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CASCADE - The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 13:6, s. 2561-2572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biogeochemical cycling in the semi-enclosed Arctic Ocean is strongly influenced by land-ocean transport of carbon and other elements and is vulnerable to environmental and climate changes. Sediments of the Arctic Ocean are an important part of biogeochemical cycling in the Arctic and provide the opportunity to study present and historical input and the fate of organic matter (e.g., through permafrost thawing). Comprehensive sedimentary records are required to compare differences between the Arctic regions and to study Arctic biogeochemical budgets. To this end, the Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE) was established to curate data primarily on concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and OC isotopes (delta C-13, Delta C-14) yet also on total N (TN) as well as terrigenous biomarkers and other sediment geochemical and physical properties. This new database builds on the published literature and earlier unpublished records through an extensive international community collaboration. This paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of CASCADE. The first public version includes OC concentrations in surface sediments at 4244 oceanographic stations including 2317 with TN concentrations, 1555 with delta C-13-OC values and 268 with Delta C-14-OC values and 653 records with quantified terrigenous biomarkers (high-molecular-weight n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and lignin phenols). CASCADE also includes data from 326 sediment cores, retrieved by shallow box or multi-coring, deep gravity/piston coring, or sea-bottom drilling. The comprehensive dataset reveals large-scale features of both OC content and OC sources between the shelf sea recipients. This offers insight into release of pre-aged terrigenous OC to the East Siberian Arctic shelf and younger terrigenous OC to the Kara Sea. Circum-Arctic sediments thereby reveal patterns of terrestrial OC remobilization and provide clues about thawing of permafrost. CASCADE enables synoptic analysis of OC in Arctic Ocean sediments and facilitates a wide array of future empirical and modeling studies of the Arctic carbon cycle. The database is openly and freely available online (https://doi.org/10.17043/cascade; Martens et al., 2021), is provided in various machine-readable data formats (data tables, GIS shapefile, GIS raster), and also provides ways for contributing data for future CASCADE versions. We will continuously update CASCADE with newly published and contributed data over the foreseeable future as part of the database management of the Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University.
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| 3. |
- Shakhova, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Current rates and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rates of subsea permafrost degradation and occurrence of gas-migration pathways are key factors controlling the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) methane (CH4) emissions, yet these factors still require assessment. It is thought that after inundation, permafrost-degradation rates would decrease over time and submerged thaw-lake taliks would freeze; therefore, no CH4 release would occur for millennia. Here we present results of the first comprehensive scientific re-drilling to show that subsea permafrost in the near-shore zone of the ESAS has a downward movement of the ice-bonded permafrost table of similar to 14 cm year(-1) over the past 31-32 years. Our data reveal polygonal thermokarst patterns on the seafloor and gas-migration associated with submerged taliks, ice scouring and pockmarks. Knowing the rate and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation is a prerequisite to meaningful predictions of near-future CH4 release in the Arctic.
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| 4. |
- Shakhova, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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The East Siberian Arctic Shelf : towards further assessment of permafrost-related methane fluxes and role of sea ice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions. Series A. - : The Royal Society. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 373:2052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustained release of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere from thawing Arctic permafrost may be a positive and significant feedback to climate warming. Atmospheric venting of CH4 from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) was recently reported to be on par with flux from the Arctic tundra; however, the future scale of these releases remains unclear. Here, based on results of our latest observations, we show that CH4 emissions from this shelf are likely to be determined by the state of subsea permafrost degradation. We observed CH4 emissions from two previously understudied areas of the ESAS: the outer shelf, where subsea permafrost is predicted to be discontinuous or mostly degraded due to long submergence by seawater, and the near shore area, where deep/open taliks presumably form due to combined heating effects of seawater, river run-off, geothermal flux and pre-existing thermokarst. CH4 emissions from these areas emerge from largely thawed sediments via strong flare-like ebullition, producing fluxes that are orders of magnitude greater than fluxes observed in background areas underlain by largely frozen sediments. We suggest that progression of subsea permafrost thawing and decrease in ice extent could result in a significant increase in CH4 emissions from the ESAS.
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