| 1. |
- White, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 8903-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living near, recreating in, and feeling psychologically connected to, the natural world are all associated with better mental health, but many exposure-related questions remain. Using data from an 18-country survey (n = 16,307) we explored associations between multiple measures of mental health (positive well-being, mental distress, depression/anxiety medication use) and: (a) exposures (residential/recreational visits) to different natural settings (green/inland-blue/coastal-blue spaces); and (b) nature connectedness, across season and country. People who lived in greener/coastal neighbourhoods reported higher positive well-being, but this association largely disappeared when recreational visits were controlled for. Frequency of recreational visits to green, inland-blue, and coastal-blue spaces in the last 4 weeks were all positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress. Associations with green space visits were relatively consistent across seasons and countries but associations with blue space visits showed greater heterogeneity. Nature connectedness was also positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress and was, along with green space visits, associated with a lower likelihood of using medication for depression. By contrast inland-blue space visits were associated with a greater likelihood of using anxiety medication. Results highlight the benefits of multi-exposure, multi-response, multi-country studies in exploring complexity in nature-health associations.
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| 2. |
- Pärn, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3 -), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3 - and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3 --N kg-1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3 - explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.
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| 4. |
- Lõhmus, Mare, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin increases T-cell immune response in birds
- 2004
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Ingår i: General and Comparative Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-6480. ; 139:3, s. 245-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is a 16 kDa protein hormone that besides being a satiety factor also functions as a pleiotropic molecule regulating endocrine and immune functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of leptin on mitogen stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation in birds. In the first experiment (in vitro), peripheral blood was collected from turkeys and lymphocytes were isolated from samples. Recombinant chicken leptin was added at concentrations of 0, 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M prior to mitogen stimulation with Concavalin A. BrdU incorporation allowed us to detect T-cell proliferation using intracellular labeling of nucleic acids. Mitogen activation induced with Concavalin A caused a proliferation of T-cells that was positively correlated with the concentration of leptin. In the second experiment (in vivo), asian blue quail were fitted with osmotic pumps releasing leptin and injected with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in their wing-webs before, during, and after leptin administration. The response to mitogen was greater in leptin treated birds during the leptin administration, but not before or after. These findings demonstrate that leptin enhances mitogen stimulated T-cell proliferation in birds. The results correspond with previous reports on mammals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ostonen, I., et al.
(författare)
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Specific root length as an indicator of environmental change
- 2007
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Ingår i: Plant Biosystems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1126-3504 .- 1724-5575. ; 141:3, s. 426-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific root length (SRL, m g(-1)) is probably the most frequently measured morphological parameter of fine roots. It is believed to characterize economic aspects of the root system and to be indicative of environmental changes. The main objectives of this paper were to review and summarize the published SRL data for different tree species throughout Europe and to assess SRL under varying environmental conditions. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the response of SRL to the following manipulated environmental conditions: fertilization, irrigation, elevated temperature, elevated CO(2), Al-stress, reduced light, heavy metal stress and physical disturbance of soil. SRL was found to be strongly dependent on the fine root classes, i.e. on the ectomycorrhizal short roots (ECM), and on the roots < 0.5 mm, < 1 mm, < 2 mm and 1-2 mm in diameter SRL was largest for ECM and decreased with increasing diameter. Changes in soil factors influenced most strongly the SRL of ECM and roots < 0.5 mm. The variation in the SRL components, root diameter and root tissue density, and their impact on the SRL value were computed. Meta-analyses showed that SRL decreased significantly under fertilization and Al-stress; it responded negatively to reduced light, elevated temperature and CO(2). We suggest that SRL can be used successfully as an indicator of nutrient availability to trees in experimental conditions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Finér, L., et al.
(författare)
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Variation in fine root biomass of three European tree species : Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Plant Biosystems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1126-3504 .- 1724-5575. ; 141:3, s. 394-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fine roots (< 2 mm) are very dynamic and play a key role in forest ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling and accumulation. We reviewed root biomass data of three main European tree species European beech, (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), in order to identify the differences between species, and within and between vegetation zones, and to show the relationships between root biomass and the climatic, site and stand factors. The collected literature consisted of data from 36 beech, 71 spruce and 43 pine stands. The mean fine root biomass of beech was 389 g m(-2), and that of spruce and pine 297 g m(-2) and 277 g m(-2), respectively. Data from pine stands supported the hypothesis that: root biomass is higher in the temperate than in the boreal zone. The results indicated that the root biomass of deciduous trees is higher than that of conifers. The correlations between root biomass and site fertility characteristics seemed to be species specific. There was no correlation between soil acidity and root biomass. Beech fine root. biomass decreased with stand age whereas pine root biomass increased with stand age. Fine root biomass at tree level. correlated better than stand level root biomass with stand characteristics. The results showed that there exists a strong relationship between the fine root biomass and the above-ground biomass.
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| 10. |
- Strand, Tanja M, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Pathogenic Leptospira Found in Urban Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Largest Cities of Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 15:12, s. 779-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis of global concern; however, its contemporary occurrence in Sweden, a European country partly located north of the Arctic Circle, is poorly known. Four out of 30 brown rats, captured within urban districts in Sweden, were found to be positive for antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. This serovar causes Weil's disease in humans, a severe infection with jaundice, renal failure, and hemorrhage. Our study is the first finding of this highly pathogenic serovar in Swedish rats since the 1930s.
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