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- Altarabichi, Mohammed Ghaith, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction Time Variability Association with Unsafe Driving
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena TRA2020. - Helsinki, Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates several human factors including visual field, reaction speed, driving behavior and personality traits based on results of a cognitive assessment test targeting drivers in a Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS). Frequency of being involved in Near Miss event (fnm) and Frequency of committing Traffic Violation (ftv) are defined as indexes of safe driving in this work. Inference of association shows statistically significant correlation between Standard Deviation of Reaction Time (σRT) and both safe driving indexes fnm and ftv. Causal relationship analysis excludes age as confounding factor as variations in behavioral responses is observed in both younger and older drivers of this study.
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| 2. |
- Boo, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding mobility profiles and e-kickscooter use in three urban case studies in Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation aims to understand mobility profiles and e-kickscooter (e-ks) use by investigating three urban case studies in Europe. 398 participants took part in a survey with 56 questions regarding regular trip characteristics, mobility experience and attitudes towards e-ks. Seven distinct mobility profiles were identified in the overall sample. Four out of the seven include non-riders of e-ks and three correspond to e-ks riders (both occasional and regular). Mobility profiles were further characterised by transport habits and psychological and behavioural aspects. Results show that differences between the sociodemographic profile of respondents and urban related factors like the role of cars to satisfy mobility needs, infrastructure, safety regulations, weather and bicycle culture were likely to shape the dominant mobility profiles in each city. Moreover, the use of e-ks is still limited, both owned and shared, in all three case studies and population type. Regular riders of e-ks only represented 8% of the total surveyed population. The segmentation analysis included in this paper is a valuable source of knowledge for tailored policy and communication efforts.
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| 3. |
- Ferrari, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease Progression : Factors Influencing Cognitive Decline
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 61:2, s. 785-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients present high variability in the rate of cognitive decline. Despite the wide knowledge on factors influencing dementia risk, little is known on what accounts for AD progression. Previous studies on this topic have mainly analyzed each factor separately without taking into account the interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors.Objective:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and genetic factors and their interaction on cognitive decline among newly diagnosed AD patients.Methods:We retrospectively selected 160 AD patients diagnosed at the Neurology Unit of Careggi University Hospital of Florence. We evaluated the occurrence of rapid cognitive changes defined as the worsening of more than four points at the Mini-Mental State Examination after 2-year follow up period.Results:Among the 160 AD patients, 50% presented rapid disease progression. Extrapyramidal signs at disease onset were predictors of worse outcome (OR 2.2), especially among Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele carriers, while the presence of family history for dementia decreased the risk of rapid progression by about 50%. Higher educated epsilon 4-carriers showed a slower AD progression. We identified the chronic use of aspirin as potential secondary preventative strategy for the non epsilon 4-carriers.Conclusion:At dementia onset, some clinical and demographic data can be predictors of future progression. The outcomes of the present study support the already hypothesized interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors during disease course and suggest genetic-based approaches.
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| 5. |
- Meiling, Pär, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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En förstudie om utmaningar och risker med transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö Case: riskområde Älvstaden i Göteborg
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskarna i det planerade projektet RADAR har genomfört den förstudie som redovisas här. Den visar på behov av ny kunskap om transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö. En projektansökan med Älvstaden som case är under utveckling. RADAR står för behov av ny kunskap och detektering av utmaningar och risker med transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö. Internationell forskning visar att transportolyckor i urban miljö orsakar betydande materiella skador, utsläpp av miljöfarliga ämnen, och dessvärre dödsfall (Olsson et al, 2016). Transporter av farligt gods har inte genererat några stora olyckor i Sverige (Trafikverket, 2014). Ändå inträffade 296 olyckor under perioden 2007-2012 (MSB 2014). I urban miljö ökar riskerna i och med vägnätets närhet till bostäder och verksamheter och Älvstaden i Göteborg är ett område som utgör ett tydligt exempel på detta med betydande flöden av människor och farligt gods på en liten yta. Projektet RADAR syftar till att klargöra och analytiskt beskriva risker och utmaningar med transport av farligt gods i urban miljö, och att undersöka och analysera den fysiska planeringens styrning, praktik och konflikter. Det övergripande syftet med RADAR är att bidra till nollvisionen i trafiken och ett säkrare samhälle genom att tillföra relevant kunskap som kan användas av de aktörer som har som ansvar att skydda liv, hälsa, egendom och miljö. RADAR relaterar till MSB:s strategi för forskning och utveckling – Investering i kunskap för ett säkrare samhälle, SDG 11 Hållbara städer och samhällen, och till Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
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