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- Nonnecke, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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Human intelectin-1 (ITLN1) genetic variation and intestinal expression
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelectins are ancient carbohydrate binding proteins, spanning chordate evolution and implicated in multiple human diseases. Previous GWAS have linked SNPs in ITLN1 (also known as omentin) with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD); however, analysis of possible functional significance of SNPs at this locus is lacking. Using the Ensembl database, pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses indicated that several disease-associated SNPs at the ITLN1 locus, including SNPs in CD244 and Ly9, were in LD. The alleles comprising the risk haplotype are the major alleles in European (67%), but minor alleles in African superpopulations. Neither ITLN1 mRNA nor protein abundance in intestinal tissue, which we confirm as goblet-cell derived, was altered in the CD samples overall nor when samples were analyzed according to genotype. Moreover, the missense variant V109D does not influence ITLN1 glycan binding to the glycan beta -D-galactofuranose or protein-protein oligomerization. Taken together, our data are an important step in defining the role(s) of the CD-risk haplotype by determining that risk is unlikely to be due to changes in ITLN1 carbohydrate recognition, protein oligomerization, or expression levels in intestinal mucosa. Our findings suggest that the relationship between the genomic data and disease arises from changes in CD244 or Ly9 biology, differences in ITLN1 expression in other tissues, or an alteration in ITLN1 interaction with other proteins.
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- Lee, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Milk Fat Globule Membrane as a Modulator of Infant Metabolism and Gut Microbiota : A Formula Supplement Narrowing the Metabolic Differences between Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 65:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an important component of milk that has previously been removed in the manufacture of infant formulas, but has recently gained attention owing to its potential to improve immunological, cognitive, and metabolic health. The goal of this study is to determine whether supplementing MFGM in infant formula would drive desirable changes in metabolism and gut microbiota to elicit benefits observed in prior studies. Methods and Results The serum metabolome and fecal microbiota are analyzed using H-1 NMR spectroscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing respectively in a cohort of Chinese infants given a standard formula or a formula supplemented with an MFGM-enriched whey protein fraction. Supplementing MFGM suppressed protein degradation pathways and the levels of insulinogenic amino acids that are typically enhanced in formula-fed infants while facilitating fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, a feature that may favor brain development. MFGM supplementation did not induce significant compositional changes in the fecal microbiota but suppressed microbial diversity and altered microbiota-associated metabolites. Conclusion Supplementing MFGM in a formula reduced some metabolic gaps between formula-fed and breastfed infants.
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- Li, Xiaonan, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding Infants Formula With Probiotics or Milk Fat Globule Membrane : A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2360. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate effects on growth and infection rates of supplementing infant formula with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) or bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM).Methods: In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 600 infants were randomized to a formula supplemented with F19 or MFGM, or to standard formula (SF). A breastfed group was recruited as reference (n = 200).The intervention lasted from age 21 ± 7 days until 4 months, and infants were followed until age one year.Results: Both experimental formulas were well tolerated and resulted in high compliance. The few reported adverse events were not likely related to formula, with the highest rates in the SF group, significantly higher than for the F19-supplemented infants (p = 0.046). Weight or length gain did not differ during or after the intervention among the formula-fed groups, with satisfactory growth. During the intervention, overall, the experimental formula groups did not have more episodes of diarrhea, fever, or days with fever than the breastfed infants. However, compared to the breastfed infants, the SF group had more fever episodes (p = 0.021) and days with fever (p = 0.036), but not diarrhea. Compared with the breastfed group, the F19-supplemented infants but not the other two formula groups had more visits/unscheduled hospitalizations (p = 0.015) and borderline more episodes of upper respiratory tract infections (p = 0.048).Conclusions: Both the MFGM- and F19-supplemented formulas were safe and well-tolerated, leading to few adverse effects, similar to the breastfed group and unlike the SF group. During the intervention, the MFGM-supplemented infants did not differ from the breastfed infants in any primary outcome.
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