| 1. |
- Laruelle, G. G., et al.
(författare)
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Anthropogenic perturbations of the silicon cycle at the global scale: Key role of the land-ocean transition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon (Si), in the form of dissolved silicate (DSi), is a key nutrient in marine and continental ecosystems. DSi is taken up by organisms to produce structural elements (e.g., shells and phytoliths) composed of amorphous biogenic silica (bSiO(2)). A global mass balance model of the biologically active part of the modern Si cycle is derived on the basis of a systematic review of existing data regarding terrestrial and oceanic production fluxes, reservoir sizes, and residence times for DSi and bSiO(2). The model demonstrates the high sensitivity of biogeochemical Si cycling in the coastal zone to anthropogenic pressures, such as river damming and global temperature rise. As a result, further significant changes in the production and recycling of bSiO(2) in the coastal zone are to be expected over the course of this century.
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| 2. |
- Atun, Rifat, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable care for children with cancer : a Lancet Oncology Commission
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045. ; 21:4, s. 185-224
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate that there will be 13·7 million new cases of childhood cancer globally between 2020 and 2050. At current levels of health system performance (including access and referral), 6·1 million (44·9%) of these children will be undiagnosed. Between 2020 and 2050, 11·1 million children will die from cancer if no additional investments are made to improve access to health-care services or childhood cancer treatment. Of this total, 9·3 million children (84·1%) will be in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. This burden could be vastly reduced with new funding to scale up cost-effective interventions. Simultaneous comprehensive scale-up of interventions could avert 6·2 million deaths in children with cancer in this period, more than half (56·1%) of the total number of deaths otherwise projected. Taking excess mortality risk into consideration, this reduction in the number of deaths is projected to produce a gain of 318 million life-years. In addition, the global lifetime productivity gains of US$2580 billion in 2020–50 would be four times greater than the cumulative treatment costs of $594 billion, producing a net benefit of $1986 billion on the global investment: a net return of $3 for every $1 invested. In sum, the burden of childhood cancer, which has been grossly underestimated in the past, can be effectively diminished to realise massive health and economic benefits and to avert millions of needless deaths.
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| 3. |
- Possenti, L., et al.
(författare)
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Norwegian Sea net community production estimated from O-2 and prototype CO2 optode measurements on a Seaglider
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 17:2, s. 593-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a pilot study using a CO2 optode deployed on a Seaglider in the Norwegian Sea from March to October 2014. The optode measurements required drift and lag correction and in situ calibration using discrete water samples collected in the vicinity. We found that the optode signal correlated better with the concentration of CO2, c(CO2), than with its partial pressure, p(CO2). Using the calibrated c(CO2) and a regional parameterisation of total alkalinity (AT) as a function of temperature and salinity, we calculated total dissolved inorganic carbon content, c(DIC), which had a standard deviation of 11 mu mol kg(-1) compared with in situ measurements. The glider was also equipped with an oxygen (O-2) optode. The O-2 optode was drift corrected and calibrated using a c(O-2) climatology for deep samples. The calibrated data enabled the calculation of DIC- and O-2-based net community production, N (DIC) and N (O-2). To derive N, DIC and O-2 inventory changes over time were combined with estimates of air-sea gas exchange, diapycnal mixing and entrainment of deeper waters. Glider-based observations captured two periods of increased Chl a inventory in late spring (May) and a second one in summer (June). For the May period, we found N (DIC) = (21 +/- 5) mmol m(-2) d(-1), N (O-2) = (94 +/- 16) mmol m(-2) d(-1) and an (uncalibrated) Chl a peak concentration of c(raw)(Chl a) = 3 mg m(-3). During the June period, c(raw)(Chl a) increased to a summer maximum of 4 mg m(-3), associated with N (DIC) = (85 +/- 5) mmol m(-2) d(-1) and N (O-2) = (126 +/- 25) mmol m(-2) d(-1). The high-resolution dataset allowed for quantification of the changes in N before, during and after the periods of increased Chl a inventory. After the May period, the remineralisation of the material produced during the period of increased Chl a inventory decreased N (DIC) to (-3 +/- 5) mmol m(-2) d(-1) and N (O-2) to (0 +/- 2) mmol m(-2) d(-1). The survey area was a source of O-2 and a sink of CO2 for most of the summer. The deployment captured two different surface waters influenced by the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) and the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The NCC was characterised by lower c (O-2) and c(DIC) than the NwAC, as well as lower N (O-2) and craw(Chl a) but higher N (DIC). Our results show the potential of glider data to simultaneously capture time- and depth-resolved variability in DIC and O-2 concentrations.
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