| 1. |
- Biswal, Ajaya K., et al.
(författare)
-
Aspen pectate lyase PtxtPL1-27 mobilizes matrix polysaccharides from woody tissues and improves saccharification yield
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 7, s. 11-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Wood cell walls are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Hence, they are important sources of renewable biomass for producing energy and green chemicals. However, extracting desired constituents from wood efficiently poses significant challenges because these polymers are highly cross-linked in cell walls and are not easily accessible to enzymes and chemicals. Results: We show that aspen pectate lyase PL1-27, which degrades homogalacturonan and is expressed at the onset of secondary wall formation, can increase the solubility of wood matrix polysaccharides. Overexpression of this enzyme in aspen increased solubility of not only pectins but also xylans and other hemicelluloses, indicating that homogalacturonan limits the solubility of major wood cell wall components. Enzymatic saccharification of wood obtained from PL1-27-overexpressing trees gave higher yields of pentoses and hexoses than similar treatment of wood from wild-type trees, even after acid pretreatment. Conclusions: Thus, the modification of pectins may constitute an important biotechnological target for improved wood processing despite their low abundance in woody biomass.
|
|
| 2. |
- Derba-Maceluch, Marta, et al.
(författare)
-
Suppression of xylan endotransglycosylase PtxtXyn10A affects cellulose microfibril angle in secondary wall in aspen wood
- 2015
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 205:2, s. 666-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain xylanases from family GH10 are highly expressed during secondary wall deposition, but their function is unknown. We carried out functional analyses of the secondary-wall specific PtxtXyn10A in hybrid aspen (Populus tremulaxtremuloides).PtxtXyn10A function was analysed by expression studies, overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts and by downregulation in aspen.PtxtXyn10A overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts resulted in increased xylan endotransglycosylation rather than hydrolysis. In aspen, the enzyme was found to be proteolytically processed to a 68kDa peptide and residing in cell walls. Its downregulation resulted in a corresponding decrease in xylan endotransglycosylase activity and no change in xylanase activity. This did not alter xylan molecular weight or its branching pattern but affected the cellulose-microfibril angle in wood fibres, increased primary growth (stem elongation, leaf formation and enlargement) and reduced the tendency to form tension wood. Transcriptomes of transgenic plants showed downregulation of tension wood related genes and changes in stress-responsive genes. The data indicate that PtxtXyn10A acts as a xylan endotransglycosylase and its main function is to release tensional stresses arising during secondary wall deposition. Furthermore, they suggest that regulation of stresses in secondary walls plays a vital role in plant development.
|
|
| 3. |
- Leppänen, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted functionalization of spruce O-acetyl galactoglucomannans-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-oxidation and carbodiimide-mediated amidation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 130:5, s. 3122-3129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modified spruce O-acetyl galactoglucomannans (GGMs) can be used as molecular anchors to alter the surface properties or to activate the surface of cellulose. To selectively introduce functionalities, GGMs were oxidized on C-6 of hexoses by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-mediated oxidation. Different degrees of oxidation were successfully obtained by varying the reaction parameters. Low degrees could be obtained by performing the oxidations in bromide-free conditions. The formed uronic acids were further modified by a carbodiimide-mediated amidation reaction, which opens a window for introducing various functionalities selectively on hexoses. The adsorption of the modified GGMs to various cellulose samples was investigated. Indirect bulk sorption to fibers was compared to direct adsorption to nanofibrillated cellulose ultrathin films. GGMs with low degrees of oxidation showed high affinity to cellulose surfaces and could be sorbed onto cellulose in pure water. Moderate amounts of GGMs with high degree of oxidation could be sorbed onto cellulose in the presence of salts.
|
|
