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- Andersson, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Can Nudging Green Behaviour Damage People's Motivation to Engage in It?
- 2021
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Ingår i: 6th Annual Center for Collective Action Research Conference. Gothenburg: 17-18 June 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an online experiment we investigated whether implementing default nudges and usage of verbal prompts for a pro-environmental behaviour had a negative effect on the receiver’s autonomous environmental motivation for the behaviour. In addition, we looked into whether receivers were affectedd differently depending on their environmental values.
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| 2. |
- Ejelöv, Emma, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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"Rarely safe to assume": Evaluating the use and interpretation of manipulation checks in experimental social psychology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1031 .- 1096-0465. ; 87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the use of manipulation checks is widespread in social psychology, several researchers have raised methodological concerns about their use and interpretations. However, knowledge of how they are actually being used has been lacking. Extracting data from published reports of 207 recent experiments, we provide an empirical review of current practices concerning manipulation checks in social psychology. Our review suggests that there are serious deficiencies in the manner in which manipulation checks are used and interpreted. For example, published reports tend to contain highly limited quantitative reasoning about the effectiveness of manipulations, and researchers report little or nothing to address the possibility that manipulation checks might cause undesirable reactivity among participants. However, we argue that manipulation checks can be highly beneficial components of experiments when used properly, and they have untapped potential for the quantitative assessment of the strength of manipulations relative to the effect on the dependent variable (i.e., causal efficacy). To assist with such assessments, we provide empirical benchmarks for causal efficacy in social psychology. Additionally, we provide several recommendations for researchers and reviewers for improving the use and reporting of manipulation checks.
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| 5. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish police officers strategies when interviewing suspects who decline to answer questions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 28:1, s. 45-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Research-based interviewing techniques typically rely upon suspects being, at least partially, responsive and engaged in the conversation. To date, the scientific literature is more limited regarding situations where suspects exercise their legal right to silence. The present study aimed to examine Swedish police officers self-reported strategies when interviewing suspects who decline to answer questions. Methods A total of 289 police officers responded to a national survey that included questions about handling silence. The participants worked with a wide range of criminal cases, including financial crimes, fraud, violent offences, domestic abuse, volume crime and traffic violations. We used content analysis to examine their written responses to the open-ended question: What, if any, strategies do you use when interviewing suspects who speak very little or not at all? Results Four main categories were identified relating to (1) question strategies (e.g. asking the questions anyway, using silence), (2) information strategies (e.g. emphasizing the benefits of cooperating and informing about their legal right to silence), (3) supportive strategies (e.g. being friendly and asking about reasons for silence) and (4) procedural strategies (e.g. changing interviewers and conducting multiple interviews). Practitioners working with violent crimes reported meeting silent suspects more frequently compared with practitioners working with other criminal offences. Conclusions The results provide an initial exploration into the various strategies used by police interviewers when questioning suspects who decline to answer questions. Further research is necessary for understanding and evaluating the ethics and effectiveness of such strategies.
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| 6. |
- Michaelsen, Patrik, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Downstream consequences of disclosing defaults: influences on perceptions of choice architects and subsequent behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-3611 .- 2374-3603. ; 5:1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparency is a key factor in determining the permissibility of behavior change interventions. Nudges are at times considered manipulative from failing this condition. Ethicists suggest that making nudges transparent by disclosing them to decision makers is a way to mitigate the manipulation objection, but questions remain as to what downstream consequences disclosing decision makers of a nudge may cause. In this registered report, we investigated two such consequences: (1) whether disclosure affects perceptions of the choice architect and (2) whether disclosure influences subsequent behavior. To these ends, we present data from three pilot studies and two main experiments (total N =2177). In both experiments, we used defaults to nudge participants towards prosocial behaviors with real consequences. Experiment 1 employed a mixed design examining changes in perceptions of the choice architect for participants presented with a nudge disclosure before or after choosing. Experiment 2 extended by investigating the effects of disclosure on the default effect, perceptions of the choice architect, and on a subsequent prosocial choice task. Results showed that (1) when presented before choosing the nudge disclosure did not influence perceptions of the choice architect. However, when presented after, perceptions deteriorated. (2) The disclosure, regardless of when presented, had no effect on participants’ behavior in a subsequent non-nudged choice. Additionally, the disclosure did not affect the nudge’s influence on the initial choice. We conclude that lack of transparency can hurt choice architects’ reputation and discuss under what circumstances this may materialize behaviorally. Materials, data, and code are available at osf.io/463af/.
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| 9. |
- Alceste, F, et al.
(författare)
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Holding yourself captive: Perceptions of custody during interviews and interrogations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2211-3681 .- 2211-369X. ; 7:3, s. 387-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police custody activates important legal safeguards. To determine custody, courts examine objective conditions and ask whether a “reasonable person” would feel free to leave while being questioned. In Study 1, student participants were either interviewed or interrogated about a staged theft they believed to be real. Interviews and interrogations embodied specific factors considered noncustodial or custodial, respectively. Observers then watched videos of these sessions. Participants in interviews did not feel significantly freer to leave than those in interrogations, though observers did make this distinction. In Study 2, some participants were explicitly pre-advised of their freedom to leave. The advisement induced participants to report they were free to leave as an objective matter but did not significantly affect their subjective feelings of freedom. In both studies, the actor–observer divergence vanished when observers imagined themselves from the actor's perspective. These results challenge legal assumptions about custody and suggest lines of future research.
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