| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2010 Subreport 3. Pharmaceuticals
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En screeningundersökning av läkemedel har utförts där urvalet av läkemedel i studien gjordes utifrån ekotoxikologiska kriterier, främst potens och potential att biokoncentrera. Som komplement till detta urval inkluderades också några antibiotika och några läkemedel som ingått i tidigare screeningundersökningar. Totalt 101 läkemedel och 54 prover ingick i den nationella screeningen och 67 prover ingick i den regionala screeningen. Screeningundersökningen fokuserade på diffusa emissioner från tätbebyggda områden med betoning på inkommande och utgående avloppsvatten från avloppsreninsverk (ARV) och deras recipienter. Biotaprover (abborre) ingick också från två kontrollsjöar och två av recipienterna samt dricksvatten från två städer. Av de 101 läkemedel som ingick i studien detekterades 92 i inkommande avloppsvatten i minst ett ARV, i halter mellan låga ng/L upp till 540 µg/L, median koncentration var 53 ng/L. Paracetamol uppmättes i högst halter, 540 µg/L. Av 101 läkemedel detekterades 85 i utgående avloppsvatten i minst ett ARV, i halter mellan låga ng/L upp till 4 µg/L, median-koncentration var 35 ng/L. Diklofenak uppmättes i högst halter (3.9 µg/L) i utgående avloppsvatten. Avskiljningsgrad och koncentrationer i slam från alla fyra ARV presenteras också. Av läkemedlen uppmättes 66 i ytvatten (låga ng/l upp till 1.8 µg/L) och de uppmätta halterna utvärderades genom att jämföra dem med kritiska miljökoncentrationer; dvs. den vattenkoncentration som förväntas orsaka en farmakologisk respons i fisk. Denna utvärdering visade att fem av läkemedlen uppmättes i halter som sannolikt orsakar en farmakologisk respons i fisk som exponeras för detta vatten. I de sju biotaproverna detekterades totalt 23 läkemedel. Koncentrationerna var låga (låga µg/Kg) och de högsta detekterade halterna fanns i fisk fångad i närheten av Kungsängs-verkets ARV (Uppsala) utsläppspunkt i Fyrisån. Uppmätta läkemedel i biota korrelerar med uppmätta halter i ytvattnet och med tidigare publicerade data av läkemedelsrester i biota.I de sex dricksvattenproverna detekterades totalt 26 läkemedel (låga ng/L). Det var en signifikant skillnad mellan dricksvattnet i de bägge städerna, bara två läkemedel kunde detekteras i dricksvattnet från Umeå, karbamazepin och trimetoprim, medan 26 läkemedel detekterades i dricksvattenproverna från Stockholm.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Screening 2014 : Analysis of pharmaceuticals and hormones in samples from WWTPs and receiving waters
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A screening study was performed on selected pharmaceuticals and hormones. A total of 103 pharmaceuticals were analysed in 25 samples from a national program and 41 samples from a regional program. In addition, three hormones were analysed in 25 samples. The sampling programs were focused on samples from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and their receiving waters. Biota samples (perch) were also included in the study.45 pharmaceuticals were detected in the effluent of at least one WWTP, in levels that ranged from low ng/L up to 8.8 μg/L, with a median concentration of 52 ng/L. Caffeine was detected in highest concentrations followed by the beta-blocker metoprolol (1.8 μg/l). In WWTP sludge, 31 substances were detected. The antibiotic ciprofloxacine often dominated and was found in all sludge samples in the range 800-1800 μg/Kg dw. 44 pharmaceuticals were detected in surface water samples in the range from low ng/L up to 480 ng/L. Measured surface water concentrations were compared to critical environmental concentrations, i.e. the water concentration that is expected to cause a pharmacological effect in fish. This evaluation showed that eight pharmaceuticals in these samples may cause a pharmacological response in fish exposed to these waters. In biota (perch muscle) 17 substances were detected in concentrations up to 150 μg/Kg.Concentrations of hormones in WWTP effluents were <0.12 -0.76 ng/L for β-estradiol, <0.23–25 ng/L for estrone and <0.38–23 ng/L for ethinyl estradiol. Hormone measurements in perch bile suggested increased concentrations due to influence from WWTP emissions. Concentrations of hormones in three WWTP sludge’s were 2–7 ng/g dw for β-estradiol, 2–36 ng/g dw for estrone and 46–62 ng/g dw for ethinyl estradiol.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johnstone, J. W., et al.
(författare)
-
Antarctic deep-sea coral larvae may be resistant to end-century ocean warming
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Coral Reefs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0722-4028 .- 1432-0975. ; 41, s. 1495-1510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Western Antarctic Peninsula is home to a diverse assemblage of deep-sea species and is warming faster than any other region in the Southern Hemisphere. This study investigated how larval development of the Antarctic cold-water coral Flabellum impensum was affected by temperatures consistent with ocean warming trends predicted for the twenty-first century. F. impensum larvae were cultured under four temperature conditions and scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry were used to compare settlement, mortality, larval size, development, deformity, and cellular health over the course of 44 days. While temperature did not impact settlement, mortality, or larval stress, the warmer treatments did have a significant impact on developmental rate. Samples exposed to warmer conditions developed faster than those in cooler conditions. Increased developmental rates were not accompanied by increased stress indicators such as deformity, mortality, or programmed cell death, suggesting that larval health was not negatively impacted by the rate change and may indicate that F. impensum larvae are tolerant of warming temperatures. Development and deformity assessments considered larval condition during the period between release and settlement, when larvae are thought to be especially sensitive to environmental impacts, and when the effects of those impacts on settlement or mortality may be particularly consequential for biogeography and population survival. These results suggest that larval development of F. impensum may be largely resistant to ocean warming trends predicted for the twenty-first century.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lundén, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient reverse saturable absorption of sol-gel hybrid plasmonic glasses
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 69, s. 134-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monolithic silica sol-gel glasses doped with platinum(II) acetylide complexes possessing respectively four or six phenylacetylene units (PE2-CH2OH and PE3-CH2OH) in combination with various concentrations of spherical and bipyramidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) known to enhance non-linear optical absorption, were prepared and polished to high optical quality. The non-linear absorption of the glasses was measured and compared to glasses doped solely with AuNPs, a platinum(II) acetylide with shorter delocalized structure, or combinations of both. At 532 nm excitation wavelength the chromophore inhibited the non-linear scattering previously found for glasses only doped with AuNPs. The measured non-linear absorption was attributed to reverse saturable absorption from the chromophore, as previously reported for PE2-CH2OH/AuNP glasses. At 600 nm strong nonlinear absorption was observed for the PE3-CH2OH/AuNPs glasses, also attributed to reverse saturable absorption. But contrary to previous findings for PE2-CH2OH/AuNPs, no distinct enhancement of the non-linear absorption for PE3-CH2OH/AuNPs was observed. A numerical population model for PE3-CH2OH was used to give a qualitative explanation of this difference. A stronger linear absorption in PE3-CH2OH would cause the highly absorbing triplet state to populate quicker during the leading edge of the laser pulse and this would in turn reduce the influence from two-photon absorption enhancement from AuNPs.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
