| 1. |
- Helena Danielsson, Eva Brorström-Lundén, et al.
(författare)
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Persistant organic pollutants in Swedishmosses
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL SwedishEnvironmental Research Institute led in 2015 a project aiming to examine theconcentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in mosses.Samples of red-stemmed feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi) and glittering wood moss(Hylocomium splendens) were collected at 83 rural sampling sites. Of these, 20samples were analysed for the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organochlorine pesticides,polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), dioxinsand furans (PCDD/PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs and perfluorinated alkylated substances(PFAS).The sampling sites were selected to cover the whole of Sweden, in both the north-southgradient and in the east-west gradient. The sites were also chosen to represent botheventually elevated concentrations as well as low concentrations of POPs. Informationon locations of industrial activities, population density and monitoring stations fororganic substances in air and precipitation (Swedish national monitoring programme)were also used for the selection of sampling sites.Generally, the concentrations of the analysed substances were very low, often close toor below the quantification limits for the analyses.Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of PAHs, dioxin/furansand dioxin like PCBs in the mosses and the distance to the closest industry, and also tothe distance from the southernmost point in Sweden. p,p-DDE concentrations inmosses showed a correlation to the distance from the southernmost point in Sweden,with the highest concentrations in the south. No correlation was found between theconcentrations of p,p-DDE (one of the DDTs) in mosses and distance to the closestindustry.The concentrations of PAHs in mosses collected at sites located in the vicinity of threeair monitoring stations (Råö, Aspvreten and Pallas) were in agreement with theconcentrations of PAHs in air, with the highest concentrations in mosses and in airfound in the south and the lowest in the north. Comparison between the PAH profile inair and in mosses showed a higher percentage of heavier PAHs in the mosses. Thisindicates a larger proportion of particular bounded PAHs in mosses.HBCDD and PFAS were not detected in any of the analysed moss samples, which isconsistent with a similar study conducted in Norway
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| 2. |
- Arnerup Christiansson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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The primary module in Norway spruce defence signalling against H. annosum s.l. seems to be jasmonate-mediated signalling without antagonism of salicylate-mediated signalling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 237, s. 1037-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key tree species for the forest industry in Europe is Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. One of its major diseases is stem and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen, which causes extensive revenue losses every year. In this study, we investigated the parallel induction of Norway spruce genes presumably associated with salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated signalling pathways previously observed in response to H. parviporum. Relative gene expression levels in bark samples of genes involved in the salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated signalling pathways after wounding and inoculation with either the saprotrophic biocontrol fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea or with H. parviporum were analysed with quantitative PCR at the site of the wound and at two distal locations from the wound/inoculation site to evaluate their roles in the induced defence response to H. parviporum in Norway spruce. Treatment of Norway spruce seedlings with methylsalicylate, methyljasmonate and inhibitors of the jasmonic acid/ethylene signalling pathway, as well as the Phenylalanine ammonia lyase inhibitor 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid were conducted to determine the responsiveness of genes characteristic of the different pathways to different hormonal stimuli. The data suggest that jasmonic acid-mediated signalling plays a central role in the induction of the genes analysed in this study irrespective of their responsiveness to salicylic acid. This may suggest that jasmonic acid-mediated signalling is the prioritized module in the Norway spruce defence signalling network against H. parviporum and that there seems to be no immediate antagonism between the modules in this interaction.
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| 3. |
- Bonnevier, Jenny, 1974-
(författare)
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Estranging Cognition : Feminist Science Fiction and the Borders of Reason
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the intersections of three different fields: feminism, science fiction, and epistemology. It argues that as a genre, science fiction is dependent on epistemological discourses that have their roots in the stories and self-images of modern science. Furthermore, it is argued, these discourses are gendered and operate to reinforce patriarchal assumptions about gender and knowledge. Drawing on a tradition of feminist epistemology, works by Suzy McKee Charnas, Ursula Le Guin, and Joanna Russ are analyzed as engaging with and challenging these epistemologically loaded and fundamentally gendered discourses in different ways and in varying degrees.The study can be divided into two parts. Chapters one and two examine discourses on science fiction history and identity in the context of the origin stories of science, highlighting the links between reason, progress, authority and gender. They establish the traditional maleness of “reason” and its implications in the idea(l)s of progress, as they appear both in the texts of epistemology and in the texts of science fiction. Texts by Charnas, Le Guin, and Russ are read as challenges to ideologies of reason and progress, and thereby as reinscribing generic conventions as well as displacing traditional epistemological assumptions.Critically interrogating the traditional subject of knowledge, chapters three and four read the fiction of Charnas, Le Guin, and Russ as displacing this subject and exploring alternative understandings. The mainstream/malestream epistemological idea(l) of “a view-from-nowhere” is connected to the science fiction convention of “the-idea-as-hero,” and both are critiqued as significantly gendered concepts that serve to obfuscate the social and political dimensions of the subject of knowledge. Finally, (female) experience, emotions, and the body – three areas commonly designated as beyond the scope of epistemology proper – are explored as epistemic resources rather than liabilities.
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| 4. |
- Castaldo Lundén, Elizabeth, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Because Fashion Matters : Studying the Intersections of Fashion, Film and Media
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing interest in the study of fashion has opened up to the emergence of Fashion Studies as an independent field, with programs in several universities around the globe. However, the study of fashion should not be regarded as a new phenomenon. For decades, scholars from varied disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences have immersed themselves in the study of fashion, particularly in relation to film and media. Since the early days of cinema, the film industry played a key role in the promotion and representation of fashion. Likewise, its mediated character through newsreels, television, newspapers, magazines, photography and even paintings has facilitated the study of costume and dress history. Film scholars like Jane Gaines, Stella Bruzzi, and Pamela Church Gibson—among others—have vastly contributed to the interdisciplinary study of these intersections. Furthermore, in order to explore the specificities of these areas, Church Gibson launched the journal Fashion Film and Consumption, though the publishing house Intellect Books in 2011.In this contemporary setting, a pertinent and necessary topic to explore is the demands on interdisciplinary approaches, both from the side of Fashion Studies scholars with a purist point of view, and from their counterpoints in Film and Media more likely to envelop fashion in visual culture as a whole.As discussions regarding delimitations and canons take place behind close doors in fashion programs, the need to open up such debate to Film and Media scholars is vital to the future of a field that has seen a great part of its development through these neighboring contributions. The workshop will explore the study of Film, Media and Fashion in coexistence with the emergence of Fashion Studies as an independent field, focusing on questions of methodology, theory and practice through the experience of different film and media scholars working with fashion and film. Before opening up the floor for discussion, a brief set of presentations will serve as a framework to address the debate, engaging the audience in reflections surrounding the following questions: What are the challenges and advantages of film and media scholars engaging in fashion research? Is Fashion Studies an exclusive realm for fashion scholars? Is there one singular way to study and teach fashion independently from its neighboring disciplines? What can different approaches used in Film and Media Studies contribute to the study of fashion? To what extent can Fashion Studies exist as a totally independent field, avoiding connections with Film and Media?
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent organic pollutants in Swedish mosses
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute led in 2015 a project aiming to examine the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in mosses. Samples of red-stemmed feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi) and glittering wood moss (Hylocomium splendens) were collected at 83 rural sampling sites. Of these, 20 samples were analysed for the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs and perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS). The sampling sites were selected to cover the whole of Sweden, in both the north-south gradient and in the east-west gradient. The sites were also chosen to represent both eventually elevated concentrations as well as low concentrations of POPs. Information on locations of industrial activities, population density and monitoring stations for organic substances in air and precipitation (Swedish national monitoring programme) were also used for the selection of sampling sites. Generally, the concentrations of the analysed substances were very low, often close to or below the quantification limits for the analyses. Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of PAHs, dioxin/furans and dioxin like PCBs in the mosses and the distance to the closest industry, and also to the distance from the southernmost point in Sweden. p,p-DDE concentrations in mosses showed a correlation to the distance from the southernmost point in Sweden, with the highest concentrations in the south. No correlation was found between the concentrations of p,p-DDE (one of the DDTs) in mosses and distance to the closest industry. The concentrations of PAHs in mosses collected at sites located in the vicinity of three air monitoring stations (Råö, Aspvreten and Pallas) were in agreement with the concentrations of PAHs in air, with the highest concentrations in mosses and in air found in the south and the lowest in the north. Comparison between the PAH profile in air and in mosses showed a higher percentage of heavier PAHs in the mosses. This indicates a larger proportion of particular bounded PAHs in mosses. HBCDD and PFAS were not detected in any of the analysed moss samples, which is consistent with a similar study conducted in Norway.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Danielsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and transcriptional responses of Norway spruce genotypes with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2229. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the most important conifer species in Europe. The wood is economically important and infections by wood-rotting fungi cause substantial losses to the industry. The first line of defence in a Norway spruce tree is the bark. It is a very efficient barrier against infection based on its mechanical and chemical properties. Once an injury or an infection is recognized by the tree, induced defences are activated. In this study we examined transcriptional response, using 454-sequencing, and chemical profiles in bark of Norway spruce trees with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion annosum s.l. infection. The aim was to find associations between the transcriptome and chemical profiles to the level of susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. in Norway spruce genotypes.Results: Both terpene and phenol compositions were analysed and at 28 days post inoculation (dpi) high levels of 3-carene was produced in response to H. annosum. However, significant patterns relating to inoculation or to genotypes with higher or lower susceptibility could only be found in the phenol fraction. The levels of the flavonoid catechin, which is polymerized into proanthocyanidins (PA), showed a temporal variation; it accumulated between 5 and 15 dpi in response to H. annosum infection in the less susceptible genotypes. The transcriptome data suggested that the accumulation of free catechin was preceded by an induction of genes in the flavonoid and PA biosynthesis pathway such as leucoanthocyanidin reductase. Quantitative PCR analyses verified the induction of genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway. The qPCR data also highlighted genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional regulation of these pathways.Conclusions: The varying dynamics in transcriptional and chemical patterns displayed by the less susceptible genotypes suggest that there is a genotypic variation in successful spruce defence strategies against Heterobasidion. However, both high levels of piceasides and flavonoids in the less susceptible genotypes suggested the importance of the phenolic compounds in the defence. Clearly an extended comparison of the transcriptional responses in the interaction with Heterobasidion between several independent genotypes exhibiting reduced susceptibility is needed to catalogue mechanisms of successful host defence strategies.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Frank, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Open Access vid SLU 2012-2014
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Open access (OA) är ett sätt att göra forskningsresultat fritt tillgängliga över internet och har på relativt kort tid blivit en global företeelse som har förändrat hur forskare publicerar sina resultat. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka metoder för att kunna mäta Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets (SLU) OA-publicering, liksom att ta fram siffror över hur stor andel av SLU:s vetenskapliga artiklar som publiceras OA. Utöver detta syfte, så har vi även undersökt hur OA-andelen fördelar sig mellan olika typer av OA (s.k. guld, grön och hybrid), vilka tidskrifter SLU:s forskare mest frekvent publicerar i, samt hur andelen OA ser ut på SLU:s institutioner. Mätningen har begränsats till refereegranskade tidskriftsartiklar publicerade under åren 2012-2014. Publikationsdata hämtades ur publikationsdatabasen SLUpub. För artiklar som har publicerats i OA-tidskrifter (guld OA) har SLUpub-datan samkörts med data från Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). För parallellpublicerade artiklar (grön OA) har vi räknat antal artiklar i Epsilon, SLU:s öppna arkiv. För OA-artiklar publicerade i prenumerationstidskrifter (hybrid OA) genomfördes en stickprovskontroll utifrån ett randomiserat urval av hela underlaget. Resultat: andelen artiklar för hela SLU under perioden 2012-2014 var 4543. Av dessa var 790 tillgängliga guld OA vilket innebär 17,3 procent av den totala publiceringen. Trenden är uppåtgående då OA-andelen för 2012 var 16,3 procent och för 2014 19,2 procent. Andelen gröna OA-artiklar som återfanns i Epsilon och som inte kunde avskrivas som guld OA uppgick till 175 st. Dessa publikationer utgör 3,8 procent av det totala antalet publicerade artiklar under perioden. Stickprovet av det randomiserade urvalet visade på en andel hybrid OA på 16,5 procent av den totala artikelpubliceringen, vilket endast ska ses som en indikation. I rapporten redovisas även de tidskrifter som SLU-forskare publicerat mest i under perioden 2012-2014, där PLoS ONE med god marginal innehar förstaplatsen. Andelen OA på institutionsnivå redovisar endast resultat för guld OA, inte grön eller hybrid OA pga. att strukturerad data för dessa är resurskrävande att få fram. I slutsatserna diskuteras att SLU publicerar en relativt låg andel grön OA och att det även finns tämligen stora skillnader mellan institutionernas OA-publicering. Rapporten ger rekommendationer för SLU-bibliotekets vidare arbete, såsom att ta fram en förnyad strategi för utformning av stöd till grön OA och till institutioner som idag generellt publicerar OA i liten utsträckning.
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