| 1. |
- Orejas, C, et al.
(författare)
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Cold-water corals in aquaria: advances and challenges. A focus on the Mediterranean
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future. - : Springer. - 2213-719X. - 9783319916071
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge on basic biological functions of organisms is essential to understand not only the role they play in the ecosystems but also to manage and protect their populations. The study of biological processes, such as growth, reproduction and physiology, which can be approached in situ or by collecting exemplars and rearing them in aquaria, is particularly challenging for deep-sea organisms such as cold-water corals (CWCs). Present experimental work and monitoring of deep-sea populations is still a chimera. Only a handful of research institutes or companies have been able to install in situ marine observatories in the Mediterranean Sea or elsewhere, which facilitate for a continuous monitoring of deep-sea ecosystems. Hence, today’s best way to obtain basic biological information on these organisms is (1) working with collected samples and analysing them post-mortem and / or (2) cultivating corals in aquaria in order to monitor biological processes and investigate coral behaviour and physiological responses under different experimental treatments. The first challenging aspect is the collection process, which implies the use of oceanographic research vessels in most occasions, since these organisms inhabit areas between ca. 150 m to more than 1,000 m depth, and specific sampling gears. The next challenge is the maintenance of the animals on board (in situations where cruises may take weeks) and their transport to home laboratories. Maintenance in the home labs is also extremely challenging since special conditions and set ups are needed to conduct experimental studies to obtain information on the biological processes of these animals. The complexity of the natural environment from which the corals were collected cannot be exactly replicated within the laboratory setting; a fact which has led some researchers to question the validity of work and conclusions drawn from such undertakings. It is evident that aquaria experiments cannot perfectly reflect the real environmental and trophic conditions where these organisms occur, but: (1) in most cases we do not have the possibility to obtain equivalent in situ information and (2) even with limitations, they produce relevant information about 117 the biological limits of the species, which is especially valuable when considering potential future climate change scenarios. This chapter includes many contributions from different authors and it intends to be both, a practical “handbook” for conducting CWC aquaria work, while at the same time, to offer an overview on the CWC research conducted in Mediterranean labs equipped with aquaria infrastructure. Experiences from Atlantic and Pacific laboratories with extensive experience with CWC work have also contributed to this chapter, as their procedures are valuable to any researcher interested in conducting experimental work with CWC in aquaria. It was impossible to include contributions from all labs in the world currently working experimentally with CWCs in the laboratory, but at the conclusion of the chapter we attempt, to our best of our knowledge, to supply a list of laboratories with operational CWC aquaria facilities.
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| 2. |
- Fredman, D., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the first link in the chain of survival – Experiences from dispatcher referral of callers to AED locations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 107, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Early use of automated external defibrillators (AED) increases survival in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Dispatchers play important roles in identifying OHCA, dispatching ambulances and providing callers with telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Guidelines recommend that AED registries be linked to dispatch centres as tools to refer callers to nearby AED. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent dispatchers, when provided with a tool to display AED locations and accessibility, referred callers to nearby AED. Methods An application providing real-time visualization of AED locations and accessibility was implemented at four dispatch centres in Sweden. Dispatchers were instructed to refer callers to nearby AED when OHCA was suspected. Such cases were prospectively collected, and geographic information systems were used to identify those located ≤100 m from an AED. Audio recordings of emergency calls were assessed to evaluate the AED referral rate. Results Between February and August 2014, 3009 suspected OHCA calls were received. In 6.6% of those calls (200/3009), an AED was ≤100 m from the suspected OHCA. The AED was accessible and the caller was not alone on scene in 24% (47/200) of these cases. In two of those 47 cases (4.3%), the dispatcher referred the caller to the AED. Conclusion Despite a tool for dispatchers to refer callers to a nearby AED, referral was rare. Only a minority of the suspected OHCA cases occurred ≤100 m from an AED. We identified AED accessibility and callers being alone on scene as obstacles for AED referral.
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| 3. |
- Gullström, Martin, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of changes in the seagrass-dominated submerged vegetation of tropical Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar) using satellite remote sensing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714. ; 67:3, s. 399-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) cover were studied in the relatively pristine and seagrass-dominated area of Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar (Tanzania) by using satellite remote sensing. Through complementary field work the potential of the technique for change detection was verified. The general changes in SAV cover were examined using Landsat images from 1986, 1987, 1998, 2001 and 2003. Two of these images, from 1987 (Landsat TM) and 2003 (Landsat ETM+), were specifically analysed to create a map of the change in SAV cover. Overall, the general distribution of SAV stayed fairly stable over the period investigated, but the result also showed regions where significant alterations, both losses and gains, had occurred between the two years. Based on our findings and anecdotal information from local fishermen and seaweed farmers potential causative factors are discussed. It was concluded that a repeated mapping with satellite remote sensing is a suitable tool to monitor changes of seagrass and seaweed distribution in shallow tropical environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Iacobaeus, E, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of JC virus DNA in NPSLE patients treated with different immunomodulatory agents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0962 .- 0961-2033. ; 22:3, s. 307-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this report is to assess the presence and viral load of JC polyomavirus (JCV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients in comparison to controls and to investigate if different types of immunosuppressive treatments were correlated to detection and viral load of JCV DNA in SLE. Background Reactivation of a latent JCV infection with subsequent development of the fatal disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has become an increasing problem in patients with autoimmune diseases treated with newer immunosuppressants. Accumulating data point out that SLE patients are at particular risk for PML compared to patients with other rheumatic diseases. Methods CSF samples ( n = 69) and plasma samples ( n = 51) from 71 SLE patients and 58 controls (53 CSF samples and 50 plasma samples) with other non-inflammatory neurological disease (OND) were analyzed for JCV DNA with a quantitative PCR method. Results All CSF and plasma samples from NPSLE patients and controls were negative for JCV DNA. Conclusion JCV DNA was absent in CSF and plasma in NPSLE patients and controls and consequently we were not able to identify any correlation between the occurrence of JCV DNA and type of immunosuppressive medication.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, B. T., et al.
(författare)
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Trends that have influenced the Swedish radiography profession over the last four decades
- 2017
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174. ; 23:4, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The expansion of the radiography profession in recent decades has widened the scope of radiographic practice. This has raised questions about which trends have had an impact on the profession over the years. The study aim was to explore trends that have influenced the radiography profession over the last four decades. Methods: A qualitative design was used. Eleven focus group interviews inspired by the Scenario Planning Method were conducted at 11 diagnostic radiology departments in public hospitals in Sweden. The target group consisted of 48 registered radiographers. To analyse the data, qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Thematic data analysis revealed three broad categories; technological development and radiation doses, current status of the radiography profession and specialisation leading to expert knowledge. Each category derived from two or three sub-categories. Conclusion: The results demonstrate significant trends of influences on the radiography profession in Sweden over the last four decades. New methods and technology and control of radiation doses have had a favourable effect on the development of the radiography profession. Nevertheless, current status such as shortage of radiographers has had an adverse way. Specialisation leading to expert knowledge has an influence on career advancement and a specialist education regulated by the law, might be a prerequisite for the development of the radiography profession.
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| 6. |
- Kist, Andreas M., et al.
(författare)
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SCN10A Mutation in a Patient with Erythromelalgia Enhances C-Fiber Activity Dependent Slowing
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gain-of-function mutations in the tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) Nav1.7 have been identified as a key mechanism underlying chronic pain in inherited erythromelalgia. Mutations in TTX resistant channels, such as Nav1.8 or Nav1.9, were recently connected with inherited chronic pain syndromes. Here, we investigated the effects of the p.M650K mutation in Nav1.8 in a 53 year old patient with erythromelalgia by micro-neurography and patch-clamp techniques. Recordings of the patient's peripheral nerve fibers showed increased activity dependent slowing (ADS) in CMi and less spontaneous firing compared to a control group of erythromelalgia patients without Nav mutations. To evaluate the impact of the p. M650K mutation on neuronal firing and channel gating, we performed current and voltage-clamp recordings on transfected sensory neurons (DRGs) and neuroblastoma cells. The p. M650K mutation shifted steady-state fast inactivation of Nav1.8 to more hyperpolarized potentials and did not significantly alter any other tested gating behaviors. The AP half-width was significantly broader and the stimulated action potential firing rate was reduced for M650K transfected DRGs compared to WT. We discuss the potential link between enhanced steady state fast inactivation, broader action potential width and the potential physiological consequences.
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| 10. |
- Adrian, M., et al.
(författare)
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The right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for correct catheter tip positioning in right subclavian vein catheterisation : a prospective observational study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia. - : Wiley. - 0003-2409 .- 1365-2044. ; 77:1, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central venous catheter misplacement is common (approximately 7%) after right subclavian vein catheterisation. To avoid it, ultrasound-guided tip navigation may be used during the catheterisation procedure to help direct the guidewire towards the lower superior vena cava. We aimed to determine the number of central venous catheter misplacements when using the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view to aid guidewire positioning in right infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterisation. We hypothesised that the incidence of catheter misplacements could be reduced to 1% when using this ultrasound technique. One -hundred and three adult patients were prospectively included. After vein puncture and guidewire insertion, we used the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view to confirm correct guidewire J-tip position in the lower superior vena cava and corrected the position of misplaced guidewires using real-time ultrasound guidance. Successful catheterisation of the right subclavian vein was achieved in all patients. The guidewire J-tip was initially misplaced in 15 patients, either in the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (n = 8) or in the left brachiocephalic vein (n = 7). In 12 patients it was possible to adjust the guidewire J-tip to a correct position in the lower superior vena cava. All ultrasound-determined final guidewire J-tip positions were consistent with the central venous catheter tip positions on chest X-ray. Three out of 103 catheters were misplaced, corresponding to an incidence (95%CI) of 2.9 (0.6–8.3) %. Although the hypothesis could not be confirmed, this study demonstrated the usefulness of the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for real-time confirmation and correction of the guidewire position in right infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterisation.
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