| 1. |
- Gottschalk, Ingo, et al.
(författare)
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Improved lectin-mediated immobilization of human red blood cells in superporous agarose beads
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 784:1, s. 203-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of agarose bead, superporous agarose, was used as a gel support for immobilization of human red blood cells (RBCs) mediated by wheat germ lectin. The number of immobilized cells was similar to that obtained with commercial wheat germ lectin–agarose but the cell stability appeared to be superior. This allowed improved frontal affinity chromatographic analyses of cytochalasin B (CB)-binding to the glucose transporter GLUT1 which established a ratio of one CB-binding site per GLUT1 dimer for both plain RBCs or those treated with different poly amino acids. The measured dissociation constants, 70±14 nM for CB and 12±3 mM for glucose binding to GLUT1, are similar to those reported earlier.
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| 2. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är angeläget att finna metoder för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Det finns tecken på att psykisk ohälsa hos barn kan ha ökat under de senaste decennierna och strukturerade insatser för att komma till rätta med problemen blir allt vanligare såväl inom kommunal verksamhet som inom hälso- och sjukvård. Interventionen utgörs av så kallade program som är standardiserade och finns beskrivna i manual eller motsvarande. Här sammanfattas det vetenskapliga underlaget för två typer av program: dels de som främst syftar till att förebygga utagerande beteenden hos barn och ungdomar, dels de som i första hand syftar till att förebygga inåtvända problem som ångest, depression och självskadebeteende. Program som har en allmänt hälsobefrämjande effekt, t ex för att förebygga drogmissbruk och våldshandlingar ingår följaktligen inte. Programmen är avsedda att ha effekt, inte bara direkt efter att programmet har avslutats utan även i framtiden. Rapporten har tagits fram på förfrågan av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien och UPP-centrum (Utvecklingscentrum för barns psykiska hälsa) vid Socialstyrelsen. Båda har efterfrågat en systematisk litteraturöversikt för att klarlägga nyttan med att använda program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Slutsatser: - Av 33 bedömda standardiserade och strukturerade insatser (program) som syftar till att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn har sju ett begränsat vetenskapligt stöd i den internationella litteraturen. Det är föräldrastödsprogrammen Incredible Years och Triple P, familjestödsprogrammet Family Check-Up samt skolprogrammen Good Behavior Game, Coping Power, Coping with Stress och FRIENDS. Effekterna är med få undantag små. Studierna är utförda i andra länder. Eftersom effekterna sannolikt varierar med sociala och kulturella sammanhang är det oklart i vilken utsträckning som programmen kan överföras till Sverige med bibehållen effekt. Programmen kan också behöva anpassas så att de överensstämmer med svenska värderingar och syn på barns rätt. - I Sverige används ett hundratal olika program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn, i huvudsak av utagerande typ. Inget av dem har utvärderats i Sverige i randomiserade studier med minst sex månaders uppföljning. Programmen De otroliga åren (översatt från Incredible Years), Triple P och Family Check-Up har enligt internationella studier begränsat vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Programmen KOMET, COPE, SET, StegVis, Beardslees familjeintervention, Connect och DISA har undersökts i minst en kontrollerad studie vardera men har inte tillräckligt vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Övriga program som används i Sverige är inte vetenskapligt utprövade som preventionsprogram. - Program som bygger på att ungdomar med utagerande problem träffas i grupp kan öka risken för normbrytande beteenden. Andra negativa effekter för såväl program för utagerande som för inåtvända problem är tänkbara men ofullständigt belysta. - Det behövs randomiserade studier som undersöker om de program som används har förebyggande effekt i svenska populationer och inte medför risker. Det behövs också hälsoekonomiska studier som undersöker om programmen är kostnadseffektiva.
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| 3. |
- Beigi, Farideh, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilized liposome and biomembrane partitioning chromatography of drugs for prediction of drug transport
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 164:1-2, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug partitioning into lipid bilayers was studied by chromatography on liposomes and biomembranes immobilized in gel beads by freeze–thawing. The drug retention volume was expressed as a capacity factor, Ks, normalized with respect to the amount of immobilized phospholipid. Log Ks values for positively charged drugs on brain phosphatidylserine (PS)/egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes decreased as the ionic strength was increased, increased as the PS:PC ratio or the pH was increased and varied linearly with the temperature. Log Ks values for beta-blockers, phenothiazines and benzodiazepines on egg phospholipid (EPL) liposomes correlated well with corresponding values on red cell membrane lipid liposomes (r2=0.96), and on human red cell membrane vesicles containing transmembrane proteins (r2=0.96). A fair correlation was observed between the values on EPL liposomes and those on native membranes of adsorbed red cells (r2=0.86). Compared to the data obtained with liposomes, the retentions of hydrophilic drugs became larger and the range of log Ks values more narrow on the vesicles and the membranes, which expose hydrophilic protein surfaces and oligosaccharides. Lower correlations were observed between drug retention on EPL liposomes and egg PC liposomes; and between retention on liposomes (or vesicles) and immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) monolayers of PC analogues. Absorption of orally administered drugs in humans (literature data) was nearly complete for drugs of log Ks values in the interval 1.2–2.5 on vesicles. Both vesicles and liposomes can thus be used for chromatographic analysis of drug–membrane interaction and prediction of drug absorption.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Boija, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ions and detergents in drug partition chromatography on liposomes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1030, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have determined drug partitioning into phospholipid bilayers by immobilized-liposome chromatography. Electrostatic effects on the drug partitioning were observed on neutral bilayers at low ionic strength. The size of the counterions affected the partitioning. When liposomes were supplemented with ionic detergents the partitioning of charged drugs was strongly affected, allowing complete separation of drugs of different charges which showed similar retention on neutral bilayers. Partial separation was obtained on bilayers containing fatty acid. Detergent ions or fatty acid inserted into phospholipid bilayers affected the partitioning of drugs much more than did free ions or phospholipid head group charges.
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| 6. |
- Boija, Elisabet, 1977-
(författare)
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Partitioning of Drugs and Lignin Precursor Models into Artificial Membranes
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this thesis was to characterize membrane-solute interactions using artificial membranes in immobilized liposome chromatography or capillary electrophoresis. The partitioning of a solute into a cell membrane is an essential step in diffusion across the membrane. It is a valid parameter in drug research and can be linked to the permeability as well as the absorption of drugs. Immobilized liposome chromatography was also used to study partitioning of lignin precursor models. Lignin precursors are synthesized within plant cells and need to pass the membrane to be incorporated into lignin in the cell wall. In immobilized liposome chromatography, liposomes or lipid bilayer disks were immobilized in gel beads and the partitioning of solutes was determined. Capillary electrophoresis using disks as a pseudostationary phase was introduced as a new approach in drug partitioning studies. In addition, octanol/water partitioning was used to determine the hydrophobicity of the lignin precursor models. Electrostatic interactions occurred between bilayers and charged drugs, whereas neutral drugs were less affected. However, neutral lignin precursor models exhibited polar interactions. Moreover, upon changing the buffer ionic strength or the buffer ions, the interactions between charged drugs and neutral liposomes were affected. Hydrophobic interactions were also revealed by including a fatty acid or a neutral detergent into the bilayer or by using a buffer with a high salt concentration. The bilayer manipulation had only a moderate effect on drug partitioning, but the high salt concentration had a large impact on partitioning of lignin precursor models. Upon comparing the partitioning into liposomes and disks, the latter showed a more pronounced partitioning due to the larger fraction of lipids readily available for interaction. Finally, bilayer disk capillary electrophoresis was successfully introduced for partitioning studies of charged drugs. This application will be evaluated further as an analytical partitioning method and separation technique.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Engvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Drug partition chromatography on immobilized porcine intestinal brush border membranes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1031, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We immobilized porcine intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) for chromatographic analyses of drug partitioning into the membranes determined as Ks, the drug retention per phospholipid amount. For positive and neutral drugs Ks decreased day by day, whereas Ks for negative drugs increased marginally. Similar results on vesicle-lipid liposomes indicated a gradual loss of negative charge from the columns. The Ks values for positive drugs were higher than those for negative drugs with the same octanol/water partitioning or the same Ks on egg yolk phospholipid bilayers. Electrostatic interactions seem to be important for the partitioning of charged drugs into brush border membranes.
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| 9. |
- Forsell, Tobias, 1974-
(författare)
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”Man är ju typ elev, fast på avstånd” : problematisk skolfrånvaro ur elevers, föräldrars och skolpersonals perspektiv
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the thesis is to increase the knowledge of problematic school absenteeism by focusing on factors and processes contributing to this phenomenon in compulsory school, but also to identify what helps turningabsenteeism into increased school attendance. The thesis uses Kearney’s (2008a) definition of problematic school absenteeism: absences that adversely affect the student’s social and cognitive development, and mental wellbeing.Method: The thesis investigates problematic school absenteeism on the basis of in-depth interviews with 15 students aged between 16 and 25, 15 parents, and 11 school staff with long experience of working with students in this situation, thereby providing rich information on the complex phenomenon under study. The resulting narratives have been analysed using thematic content analysis.Theoretical framework: Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s (1977, 1979a, 1986a) ecological systems theory of human development, the analytical framework is used to unveil the dynamic interaction between the student and his/herenvironment. In addition, the concept of alienation (Bronfenbrenner, 1986a; Hascher & Hadjar, 2018) is used to facilitate a deeper understanding of potentially important generator of unfavourable conditions in school, which byextension may have negative effects on the students’ ability to attend school.Major findings: Problematic school absenteeism in compulsory school is resulting from a range of factors at different levels interacting over a longer period of time. There is a need to distinguish between underlying, eliciting and maintaining factors. Shorter spells of truancy and absence related to illness may be early warning signs. Feelings of being different and lonely, harassment by peers, and difficulties to live up to the demands in school are commonly described as factors pushing the student away from school. Absence from school for a longer period of time in turn results in problems such as anxiety, depression, reduced social contacts and lagging behind in school-work that maintain and increase the difficulties to go back to school. The students, above all those with extensive and long-term absenteeism, usually need changes in the school environment if their attendance rates are to improve. Such ecological changes may be a question of teaching in an alternative learning environment, a change of school, or that significant others enter the student’s life and contribute to a manageable study situation. Such a conclusion is in contrast to research that one-sidedly points to measures aimed at changing the student’s patterns of thought and behaviour.
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| 10. |
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