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| 2. |
- Bisgaard, H, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:7, s. 1477-1482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAsthma patients exhibit an increased rate of loss of lung function. Determinants to such decline are largely unknown and the modifying effect of steroid therapy is disputed. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate factors contributing to such decline and the possible modifying effect of steroid treatment.MethodsWe analyzed determinants of lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a Scandinavian study of 2390 subjects from 550 families. Families were selected for the presence of two or more asthmatic children as part of a genetic study, Scandinavian Asthma Genetic Study (SAGA).ResultsThe primary analysis studied the association between the lung function and delay of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) after asthma diagnosis among asthmatic children and young adults with a history of regular ICS treatment (N=919). FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1% pred) was 0.25% lower per year of delay from diagnosis until treatment (p=0.039). This association was significantly greater in allergy skin prick test negative children. There was no significant influence of gender, age at asthma onset, or smoking.In the secondary analysis of the whole population of 2390 asthmatics and non-asthmatics, FEV1% pred was inversely related to having asthmatic siblings (−7.9%; p<0.0001), asthma diagnosis (−2.7%; p=0.0007), smoking (−3.5%; p=0.0027), and positive allergy skin prick test (−0.47% per test; p=0.012), while positively related to being of female gender (1.8%; p=0.0029). Risk of AHR was higher by having asthmatic siblings (OR 2.7; p<0.0001), being of female gender (OR 2.0; p<0.0001), and having asthma (OR 2.0; p<0.0001).ConclusionsThese data suggest that lung function is lower in asthmatics with delayed introduction of ICS therapy, smoking, and positive allergy skin prick test. Lung function is lower and AHR higher in female asthmatics and subjects with asthmatic siblings or established asthma.
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| 3. |
- Lundbäck, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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An interview study to estimate prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis : The obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden study
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 9:2, s. 123-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A questionnaire of respiratory symptoms and diseases completed by 6610 adults in 3 age cohorts (35-36 y; 50-51 y and 65-66 y) in northern Sweden was followed-up by interview and lung function testing of 1243 subjects with asthmatic or bronchitic symptoms and 263 subjects assessed from the postal questionnaire as being healthy. We report the results of this follow-up study. According to the criteria used, 292 subjects (5.1% of the original study sample) were diagnosed as having asthma. Out of the 1243 subjects 334 (5.9% of the original study population) were diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis. However, examination of the 263 subjects who were healthy according to the postal questionnaire showed that elderly smokers, in particular, under-reported bronchitic symptoms; taking this into account, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis is estimated to be of the order of 9%. Diagnostic difficulties were noted in 70 subjects (corresponding to 1.2% of the original study sample) in whom asthma or chronic bronchitis were strongly suspected. Further investigation of these subjects was considered necessary. In this cross-sectional study, FEV1 < 80% of predicted values was found in 36% of subjects diagnosed as having asthma and in 31% of those with chronic bronchitis. Among subjects with attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, diagnostic criteria often used for asthma in questionnaire studies, 70% were diagnosed as having asthma. Of those with chronic productive cough, 62% were diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis. We consider that trained nurses provide reliable data that may be used in epidemiological surveys of obstructive lung diseases
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| 4. |
- Lundbäck, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of respiratory symptoms, lung function and important determinants : Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden project
- 1994
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Ingår i: Tubercle and Lung Disease. - 0962-8479 .- 1532-219X. ; 75:2, s. 116-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study based on a representative sample of the general population in northern Sweden. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the role of respiratory symptoms as indicators of impairment of lung function, and to define risk factors for respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment. DESIGN: The 1340 subjects of 6610 who reported respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma or chronic bronchitis in a postal questionnaire study were invited to a structured interview and lung function tests. A control group of 315 subjects was also invited. Risk factors were assessed from the postal questionnaire. RESULTS: 400 subjects in the symptomatic group had attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, while none in the control group had them, corresponding to 7% of the original study population. Chronic productive cough was present in 537 subjects, of whom 13 were from the control group, suggesting that 12% of the original study population had this symptom. Persistent wheeze was the symptom that predicted the greatest proportion of cases of impaired lung function. Attacks of breathlessness, wheezing, long-standing cough and sputum production were all related to age, smoking and a family history of asthma. Both chronic productive cough and impaired lung function correlated strongly with smoking and age, and their prevalences differed in different socio-economic groups. CONCLUSION: Impaired lung function can be predicted from respiratory symptoms. Data collected in postal questionnaires suffice for the identification of risk factors. Combinations of symptoms gave greater odds ratios than individual symptoms.
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| 5. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Extracting Timing Models from Component-Based Multi-Criticality Vehicular Embedded Systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 2194-5357 .- 2194-5365. ; 738, s. 709-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timing models include crucial information that is required by the timing analysis engines to verify timing behavior of vehicular embedded systems. The extraction of this information from these systems is challenging due to the software complexity, distribution of functionality and multiple criticality levels. To meet this challenge, this paper presents a comprehensive end-to-end timing model for multi-criticality vehicular distributed embedded systems. The model is comprehensive, in the sense that it captures detailed timing information and supports various types of real-time network protocols used in the vehicular domain. Moreover, the paper provides a method to extract these models from the software architectures of these systems. The proposed model is aligned with the component models and standards in the vehicular domain that support the pipe-and-filter communication among their basic building elements.
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| 6. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Response-time Analysis for Heterogeneous Networks with Rubus Analysis Framework : Challenges and Preliminary Solutions
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2015). - 9781467379304
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss the challenges that are faced when the state-of-the-art research results are transferred to a model-based tool chain for the industrial use. These challenges are often overlooked when the research results are implemented in an academic environment. In particular, we discuss various challenges regarding the implementation and integration of the response-time analysis for heterogeneous networks, comprising of CAN and Ethernet AVB, as a plug-in for the Rubus Analysis Framework. Rubus tool suite is used for the model- and component-based development of software for vehicular real-time systems by several international companies. We also discuss preliminary solutions to deal with the challenges.
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| 7. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Refining timing requirements in extended models of legacy vehicular embedded systems using early end-to-end timing analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Volume 448. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319324661 ; , s. 497-508
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Model and component-based development approaches have emerged as an attractive option to deal with the complexity of vehicle software. Using these approaches, we provide a method to estimate and refine end-to-end timing requirements in vehicular distributed embedded systems that are developed by reusing the models of legacy systems. This method leverages on the early end-to-end timing analysis that can be performed at the highest abstraction level during the development of these systems. As a proof of concept, we conduct a vehicular-application case study to show the process of estimating and refining the timing requirements early during the development. The case study is modeled with the Rubus-ICE tool suite that is used for the software development of vehicular embedded systems by several international companies.
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| 8. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Timing verification of component-based vehicle software with rubus-ICE : End-user's experience
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450357371 ; , s. 37-38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses an end-user's experiences of utilizing timing analysis tools to verify predictability of distributed embedded systems in the vehicle industry. The analysis tools are plug-ins for an industrial tool suite, namely Rubus-ICE, that is based on the principles of model-based engineering (MBE) and component-based software engineering (CBSE). These plug-ins implement various state-of-the-art timing analyses including response-time analysis and end-to-end data-path analysis. The experiences discussed in this paper provide a useful feedback in terms of usability and validity of assumptions to the tools provider as well as to the academia.
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| 9. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the global lung function initiative 2012 reference values for spirometry in a Swedish population sample
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Pulmonary Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI) reference values are currently endorsed by several respiratory societies but evaluations of applicability for adults resident in European countries are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the GLI reference values are appropriate for an adult Caucasian Swedish population. Methods: During 2008-2013, clinical examinations including spirometry were performed on general population samples in northern Sweden, in which 501 healthy Caucasian non-smokers were identified. Predicted GLI reference values and Z-scores were calculated for each healthy non-smoking subject and the distributions and mean values for FEV1, FVC and the FEV1/FVC ratio were examined. The prevalence of airway obstruction among these healthy non-smokers was calculated based on the Lower Limit of normal (LLN) criterion (lower fifth percentile) for the FEV1/FVC ratio. Thus, by definition, a prevalence of 5% was expected. Results: The Z-scores for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were reasonably, although not perfectly, normally distributed, but not centred on zero. Both predicted FEV1 and, in particular, FVC were lower compared to the observed values in the sample. The deviations were greater among women compared to men. The prevalence of airway obstruction based on the LLN criterion for the FEV1/FVC ratio was 9.4% among women and 2.7% among men. Conclusions: The use of the GLI reference values may produce biased prevalence estimates of airway obstruction in Sweden, especially among women. These results demonstrate the importance of validating the GLI reference values in different countries.
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| 10. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Higher Risk of Wheeze in Female than Male Smokers. Results from the Swedish GA(2)LEN Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Women who smoke have higher risk of lung function impairment, COPD and lung cancer than smoking men. An influence of sex hormones has been demonstrated, but the mechanisms are unclear and the associations often subject to confounding. This was a study of wheeze in relation to smoking and sex with adjustment for important confounders. Methods In 2008 the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) questionnaire was mailed to 45.000 Swedes (age 16–75 years), and 26.851 (60%) participated. “Any wheeze”: any wheeze during the last 12 months. “Asthmatic wheeze”: wheeze with breathlessness apart from colds. Results Any wheeze and asthmatic wheeze was reported by 17.3% and 7.1% of women, vs. 15.8% and 6.1% of men (both p<0.001). Although smoking prevalence was similar in both sexes, men had greater cumulative exposure, 16.2 pack-years vs. 12.8 in women (p<0.001). Most other exposures and characteristics associated with wheeze were significantly overrepresented in men. Adjusted for these potential confounders and pack-years, current smoking was a stronger risk factor for any wheeze in women aged <53 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85 (1.56–2.19) vs. 1.60 (1.30–1.96) in men. Cumulative smoke exposure and current smoking each interacted significantly with female sex, aOR 1.02 per pack-year (p<0.01) and aOR 1.28 (p = 0.04) respectively. Female compared to male current smokers also had greater risk of asthmatic wheeze, aOR 1.53 vs. 1.03, interaction aOR 1.52 (p = 0.02). These interactions were not seen in age ≥53 years. Discussion In addition to the increased risk of COPD and lung cancer female, compared to male, smokers are at greater risk of significant wheezing symptoms in younger age. This became clearer after adjustment for important confounders including cumulative smoke exposure. Estrogen has previously been shown to increase the bioactivation of several compounds in tobacco smoke, which may enhance smoke-induced airway inflammation in fertile women.
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