| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alatalo, Rauno V, et al.
(författare)
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Can Female Preference Explain Sexual Dichromatism In The Pied Flycatcher, Ficedula-Hypoleuca
- 1990
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 39, s. 244-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How important female choice is for the evolution of male secondary sexual characteristics is controversial. Two field and one laboratory experiment, using the pied flycatcher, were performed to test the female choice aspect of sexual selection. In addition, non-manipulative data from 5 years are presented. The observational data suggest a slight preference for dark males by females but in field experiments in which males had territories at random sites (i.e. they did not choose a territory) or the colour of concurrently arriving males was altered, there was no preference for darker ones. Similarly, oestradiol-treated females did not prefer black or brown males in the laboratory. Thus, there is little support for the idea that female choice has been an important mechanism in the evolution of sexual dichromatism in the pied flycatcher.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Integrated IT Support on the Prehospital Stroke Process: Results from a Realistic Experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-498X .- 2509-4971. ; 3:3, s. 300-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is a serious condition and the stroke chain of care is a complex. The present study aims to explore the impact of a computerised decision support system (CDSS) for the prehospital stroke process, with focus on work processes and performance. The study used an exploratory approach with a randomised controlled crossover design in a realistic contextualised simulation experiment. The study compared clinical performance among 11 emergency medical services (EMS) teams of 22 EMS clinicians using (1) a computerised decision support system (CDSS) and (2) their usual paper-based process support. Data collection consisted of video recordings, postquestionnaires and post-interviews, and data were analysed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In this experiment, using a CDSS improved patient assessment, decision making and compliance to process recommendations. Minimal impact of the CDSS was found on EMS clinicians’ self-efficacy, suggesting that even though the system was found to be cumbersome to use it did not have any negative effects on self-efficacy. Negative effects of the CDSS include increased on-scene time and a cognitive burden of using the system, affecting patient interaction and collaboration with team members. The CDSS’s overall process advantage to the prehospital stroke process is assumed to lead to a prehospital care that is both safer and of higher quality. The key to user acceptance of a system such as this CDSS is the relative advantages of improved documentation process and the resulting patient journal. This could improve the overall prehospital stroke process.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological aspects on measurement of Clara cell protein in urine as a biomarker for airway toxicity, compared with serum levels.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. - : Wiley. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 27:1, s. 60-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clara cell protein CC16, secreted from Clara cells in the lung, is discussed as a potential biomarker for toxic effects on the airways. An increased concentration of CC16 in serum may be caused by increased permeability of the lungs, caused by high levels of air pollution. Since CC16 is eliminated by renal excretion, it may be possible to use urine instead of serum samples. Few studies have been conducted on urinary CC16 (U-CC16), however.The aim was to investigate the optimal way of sampling and quantifying CC16 in urine samples and compare CC16 in human serum and urinary samples. Repeated sampling was performed in two groups of healthy subjects. First morning urine, 24 h urine, and matched blood and urine samples were collected.The excretion of U-CC16 increased over the day, e.g. from 0.08 microg h(-1) in the morning to 0.28 microg h(-1) in daytime and 0.16 microg h(-1) in the evening (medians in males). Morning samples (microg h(-1)) from males properly reflected the 24 h excretion (r = 0.91). The best correlation with 24 h excretion was obtained with creatinine-corrected first morning urine samples (r > 0.9). Generally, females had lower excretion of CC16 than males (medians 2.5 microg 24 h(-1) in females and 16 microg 24 h(-1) in males). There was significant intraindividual variation, but the interindividual variation was larger in both groups. There was an association between serum CC16 (S-CC16) and U-CC16 in morning samples. With optimal methods for sampling U-CC16, urine samples may be used in experimental studies of air pollution.
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma erythropoietin concentrations in polycythaemia vera with special reference to myelosuppressive therapy.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Leukemia & lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 37:1-2, s. 189-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 80 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) a total of 108 venous blood samples were obtained and analysed for EDTA-plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration. At the time of study 21 of the PV patients were newly diagnosed and had prior to blood sampling neither received phlebotomy treatment nor therapy with myelosuppressive agents; these subjects had a mean plasma EPO concentration of 0.5+/-0.9 IU/L. Thirty-seven patients treated with phlebotomy only had a mean plasma EPO concentration of 2.5+/-2.9 IU/L. The mean plasma EPO concentrations for 26 patients treated with hydroxyurea, 13 patients treated with radiophosphorous and 11 patients given a combination of myelosuppressive agents were 8.9+/-8.0, 10.9+/-12.6 and 7.2+/-7.4 IU/L, respectively. Untreated patients and patients on phlebotomy only had significantly lower values for plasma EPO than patients on therapy with myelosuppressive drugs. This finding persisted also after a correction for differences in haemoglobin levels had been introduced. Thereby, the present results would suggest a difference in the EPO feedback system in untreated and phlebotomised PV patients compared to PV patients treated with myelosuppressive agents.
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| 6. |
- Arasteh khouy, Iman, et al.
(författare)
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Geometrical degradation of railway turnouts : a case study from a Swedish heavy haul railroad
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 228:6, s. 611-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turnouts are critical components of track systems in terms of safety, operation and maintenance. Each year, a considerable part of the maintenance budget is spent on their inspection, maintenance and renewal. Applying a cost-effective maintenance strategy helps to achieve the best performance at the lowest possible cost. In Sweden, the geometry of turnouts is inspected at predefined time intervals using the STRIX / IMV 100 track measurement car. This study uses time series for the measured longitudinal level of turnouts on the Iron Ore Line (Malmbanan) in northern Sweden. Two different approaches are applied to analyse the geometrical degradation of turnouts due to dynamic forces generated by train traffic. In the first approach, the recorded measurements are adjusted at the crossing point and then the relative geometrical degradation of turnouts is evaluated by using two defined parameters, the absolute residual area and the maximum settlement, In the second approach, various geometry parameters are defined to estimate the degradation in each measurement separately. The growth rate of the longitudinal level degradation as a function of million gross tonnes / time is evaluated. The proposed methods are based on characterisation of the individual track measurements. The results facilitate correct decision-making in the maintenance process through understanding the degradation rate and defining the optimal maintenance thresholds for the planning process. In the long run, this can lead to a cost-effective maintenance strategy with optimised inspection and maintenance intervals.
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| 7. |
- Arndt, Anton, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a midfoot cut in the outer sole of a shoe on intrinsic foot kinematics during walking.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Footwear Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-4280 .- 1942-4299. ; 5:1, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modifications in shoe outer soles are frequently made with the intention of altering biomechanics of the foot inside the shoe. These modifications are however, generally based upon intuition with little or no scientific data for support. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in intrinsic foot segmental kinematics between walking in a neutral shoe and a shoe modified with a clear cut forming a break underneath the midfoot, approximating the Lisfrancs joint.Five healthy male subjects participated in the study. Intracortical pins were inserted under sterile conditions and local anaesthetic in nine different bones of the foot and shank. The subjects performed 10 walking trials in both a neutral, standard, flatsoled, flexible walking shoe and in the same shoe with an approximately 1 cm deep cut aligned with the subjects’ Lisfrancs joint. Material tests showed that the cut reduced midfoot shoe bending stiffness by 23% to 38% and torsional stiffness by 23% to 28%. A helical axis approach was applied for calculating the 3D rotations about relevant joints.Kinematic trajectories in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were normalised to the stance phase for seven selected joints to compare rotation patterns when wearing the two shoe conditions. Although one out of 21 ranges of motion (ROM) showed a significant difference, there is strong reason to regard this as the result of a type 1 error. Apart from this no differences in ROM occurred between the shoe conditions.The low subject number reduced the statistical power of the results. However, the study indicated that outer sole modifications that may be assumed to have clear effects upon foot kinematics, do not necessarily do so.
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| 8. |
- Aspenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Natur vid Nedre Dalälven 3. Ornitologisk inventering
- 1977
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapportens syfte är att ge en kvalitativ och fråga om vissa arter även en kvantitativ bild av nedre Dalälvens fågelfauna. Att kartlägga vilka biotoper och områden som är ornitologiskt skyddsvärda . Att klargöra hoten mot de ornitologiska skyddsvärdena. Att ge rekommendationer om hur områdena skall skyddas för att de ornitologiska värdena ska kunna behållas.
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| 9. |
- Birk, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Project: iRoad
- 2011
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Arne, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Vägslitage och beläggningsunderhåll : analys av spårdjupsmätningar på fyra objekt
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förstudien från 1997 analyserade skillnader i spårdjups- och IRI-utveckling och därtill knutna beläggningskostnader vid nuvarande RUD-krav (17 mm spårdjup och IRI 2,5 över 400 m-sträckor för riksvägar med ÅDT >4 000 axelpar/dygn) för alternativa vägtyper med hjälp av Vägverkets PMS-modeller. Vid ÅDT >4 000 blir spårdjup styrande för underhållskostnaden enligt PMS-modellen.
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