| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Upper respiratory tract infections in general practice: diagnosis, antibiotic prescribing, duration of symptoms and use of diagnostic tests
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 34, s. 880-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis/antibiotic prescribing study was performed in 5 counties in Sweden for 1 week in November 2000. As part of this study, the characteristics and clinical management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2899) in primary care were analyzed. Almost half of the patients were aged < 15 y and one-fifth of the patients consulted out of hours. Of all patients seeking primary care for upper respiratory tract infections, 56.0% were prescribed an antibiotic. Almost all patients who were given the diagnoses streptococcal tonsillitis, acute otitis media or acute sinusitis were prescribed antibiotics, compared to 10% of patients with common cold or acute pharyngitis. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was penicillin V (79.2%) and this was even more pronounced out of hours, when the diagnoses otitis media and streptococcal tonsillitis were more frequently used. In patients with common cold and acute pharyngitis, the percentage who received antibiotics increased with increasing length of symptoms and increasing CRP levels. In patients with acute pharyngitis or streptococcal tonsillitis, antibiotics were prescribed less frequently provided streptococcal tests were performed. The management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections in general practice seems to be in good agreement with current Swedish guidelines. However, the study indicates some areas for improvement. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis seems to have been overestimated and used only to justify antibiotic treatment.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Estimates of Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Costs due to Severe Rotavirus Infections leading to Hospitalization in Swedish Children (<5 years)
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Estimates of economic benefit of rotavirus vaccination depend on the accuracy of calculated country-specific costs related to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). Transmission of disease to family members adds to the economic burden through loss of caregiver productivity. The aim of this study was to assess costs related to severe RVGE.Material and methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in a large hospital in the Stockholm region, serving a population of 66,222 children < 5 years. RVGE related health care resource use and time off work were collected from a sample of families with hospitalised children due to community- and nosocomially-derived RVGE (n=153). Health care related costs were calculated using 2008 DRG reimbursement for acute diarrhoea and productivity loss using self reported absence combined with 2008 Swedish average cost for a working hour (€28) from SCB/Statistics Sweden.Results: Median age of hospitalised children was 15 months. For caregivers, average workday loss due to children's, siblings or own disease was 4.2 days and 1.2 days, respectively. Estimated average total cost per child was €3227, €1949 (60%) for health -care related costs, €1186 (37%) productivity loss and €92 (3%) due to other indirect costs.Conclusions: Economic burden of RVGE is primarily driven by costs related to in-patient care, sensitive to unit cost used. However, loss of productivity is also significant in spite of generous parental allowance in Sweden, 12-18 months per child. A limitation of this study is that productivity loss from care for non-hospitalized children and its household members was not assessed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kalyanasundaram, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of improved information and volunteer support on segregation of solid waste at the household level in urban settings in Madhya Pradesh, India (I-MISS) : protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Segregation of household waste at the source is an effective and sustainable strategy for management of municipal waste. However, household segregation levels remain insufficient as waste management approaches are mostly top down and lack local support. The realisation and recognition of effective, improved and adequate waste management may be one of the vital drivers for attaining environmental protection and improved health and well-being. The presence of a local level motivator may promote household waste segregation and ultimately pro-environmental behaviour. The present cluster randomized control trial aims to understand if volunteer based information on waste segregation (I-MISS) can effectively promote increased waste segregation practices at the household level when compared with existing routine waste segregation information in an urban Indian setting.Methods: This paper describes the protocol of an 18 month two-group parallel,cluster randomised controlled trialin the urban setting of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. Randomization will be conducted at ward level, which is the last administrative unit of the municipality. The study will recruit 425 households in intervention and control groups. Assessments will be performed at baseline (0 months), midline (6 months), end line (12 months) and post intervention (18 months). The primary outcome will be the comparison of change in proportion of households practicing waste segregation and change in proportion of mis-sorted waste across the study period between the intervention and control groups as assessed by pick analysis. Intention to treat analysis will be conducted. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants.Discussion: The present study is designed to study whether an external motivator, a volunteer selected from the participating community and empowered with adequate training, could disseminate waste segregation information to their community, thus promoting household waste segregation and ultimately pro-environmental behaviour. The study envisages that the volunteers could link waste management service providers and the community, give a local perspective to waste management, and help to change community habits through information, constant communication and feedback.Trial registration: The study is registered prospectively with Indian Council of Medical Research- Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2020/03/024278).
|
|
