| 1. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Personality, adherence, asthma control and health-related quality of life in young adult asthmatics
- 2009
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 103:7, s. 1033-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundStriving for improved adherence and asthma control is of vital concern in today's asthma management. Several influential factors have been identified, but the importance of personality traits has been insufficiently explored. The aim was first to determine whether personality traits in young adult asthmatics are related to asthma control and health-related quality of life (HRQL), and second to examine the influences of personality traits on adherence to regular asthma medication treatment.MethodsYoung adult asthmatics, 22 years of age (n = 268) completed questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe personality traits Negative Affectivity and Impulsivity correlated negatively with asthma control, whereas in women Hedonic Capacity correlated positively with asthma control. Negative Affectivity, Impulsivity, Hedonic Capacity, Alexithymia and asthma control predicted the mental dimension of HRQL. Asthma control and physical activity predicted the physical dimension of HRQL. Among respondents with regular asthma medication (n = 109), Impulsivity correlated negatively with adherence. In men, Antagonism and Alexithymia were associated with low adherence. Additionally, Alexithymia, Hedonic Capacity and Negative Affectivity showed non-linear relationships with adherence, meaning that initially increased scores on these personality traits scales were associated with increased adherence but higher scores did not increase adherence. Respondents who were prescribed a single inhaler combining ICS and LABA reported higher adherence than those with monotherapies.ConclusionThese data suggest that personality can influence how asthma patients adhere to asthma medication treatment, and report their control and HRQL. Tools determining personality traits may be useful in the future in individualizing management of asthma patients.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hellström, Timo, et al.
(författare)
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Resultat och erfarenheter av nationella prov på gymnasiet
- 2000
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Ingår i: Dokumentation av 11:e Matematikbiennalen, Göteborg 27-29 januari 2000. - Göteborg : Nationellt centrum för matematikutbildn., Univ.. ; , s. 679-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jeppson, Kjell, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Att dela online-resurser
- 2004
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Ingår i: Netlearning 2002. ; Ronneby:Sverige
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: In this paper we report on the use of the online MIT Weblab system for characterization of semiconductor devices. In particular we will focus on how to improve student learning in the learning situation made available through online remote laboratories. We will discuss the impact of class size and the role of assignment formulation.Method: Students were given open assignments and had to be active from the start, i e already in formulating and planning the measurement task. Examination of the lab assignment in the undergraduate course was performed through group meetings where an examiner directed individual questions to the lab group members who were to respond with the help of a whiteboard. Individual credits were rewarded to the group members according to performance in this oral examination. Results: The overall impression on the use of online laboratories among engineering program students was generally very positive according to questionnaire responses.Conclusion:In essence, online laboratories enables the students to take a more active role in defining the scope of the assignment they can do measurements when they feel ready for them and re-do them when and if need arises.
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| 6. |
- Jeppson, Kjell, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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SHARING ONLINE LABORATORIES AND THEIR COMPONENTS - A new learning experience
- 2004
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Ingår i: 5th European Workshop on Microelectronics Education (EWME 2004). ; Lausanne:Switzerland
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SHARING ONLINE LABORATORIES AND THEIR COMPONENTSA new learning experienceKJELL O. JEPPSON, PER LUNDGREN, JESUS A. DEL ALAMO*, JAMES L.HARDISON*, DAVID ZYCH*Chalmers University of Technology, MC2, SE-41296 Göteborg,Sweden,*Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA1. INTRODUCTIONIn this paper we report on the use of the online MIT Weblab system [1] forcharacterization of semiconductor devices in three qualitatively rather diversemicroelectronic device courses offered by Chalmers University of Technology,including junior undergraduate courses as well as extension courses. In particularwe will focus on the learning situation and the impact of class size. Since thelaboratory equipment is available online 24 hours-a-day every day during thecourse, new opportunities for integrating laboratories into the learning processhave become available. In particular, we will discuss the role of assignmentformulation to support this new learning situation.In this paper we will describe our experiences from using the MIT onlinelaboratory to shift student focus from instrument handling to data analysis,parameter extraction, and model fitting. This can be done through rather open labassignments where the students themselves can organize the details of theirspecific task within the context of the overall objective of the laboratory exercise.2. ABOUT WEBLABIn a topic like microelectronic device physics the student learning experience canbe substantially enhanced by hands-on characterization of diodes and transistors.However, for a variety of practical and economic reasons universities have found itmore and more difficult to include such a laboratory component. A remote laboratoryavailable over the internet solves many of these concerns while largelypreserving, or even enhancing, the educational experience. Online remote laboratoriesnot only offer the possibility to perform traditional laboratory exercises in amore cost effective way, but they also make available to students more advancedinstruments than have traditionally been affordable. Many institutions in differentfields have explored this concept of an online laboratory. One such joint Europeanremote laboratory network is presently being developed within the EU Socrates/Minerva framework [2].Over the last few years, MIT has been experimenting with a system called theMIT Microelectronics WebLab. This system allows microelectronic devicecharacterization through the world wide web. Through WebLab, students can takecurrent-voltage measurements on transistors and other microelectronics devices inreal time from anywhere and at any time. The basic architecture of the system andits use in a variety of educational settings was reported in [3].The user interface for WebLab is a Java applet which duplicates the essentialfunctionality of the analyzers console, see Fig. 1, allowing the user to set up ameasurement for one of the devices that is currently connected to the system (thenecessary information about these devices is provided by the server when theapplet loads). When the user is ready to execute a measurement, the applet sendsthe measurement specifications to the server. More details of the WebLab systemand its graphical interface are given elsewhere [4].3. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF CHALMERS COURSES AND MISSION TASKThe WebLab has so far been used remotely in three different courses offered byChalmers University. Following two small test runs (one in an elective graduatecourse (eight users) and one in a extension course offered to professionals workingin local industry (six users), WebLab was employed in a large compulsoryjunior undergraduate course with about 330 students during the spring of 2003.In all courses students were given a clear objective of the laboratory task andwhat was expected of them. A simple instruction was given that advancedtechnology transistors of four different types were available through MIT WebLab.Examination of the lab assignment in the undergraduate course was performedthrough group meetings where an examiner directed individual questions to the labgroup members who were to respond with the help of a whiteboard. Individualcredits were rewarded to the group members according to performance in this oralexamination. The communication between MIT WebLab administration andChalmers course management was conducted by e-mail and for the two smallcourses the planning could be settled with some ten mails and replies.4. EVALUATIONThe online laboratory experiments were evaluated through detailed discussionsFig. 1. Screen-shot of WebLab graphical interface: the main window.with students in the graduate courses and through written review questionnaireshanded in by students in the undergraduate course. The overall impression on theuse of online laboratories among engineering program students was generally verypositive. A summary of the evaluation regarding system access and stability, userfriendliness, and educational value is shown in Fig. 2.051015202530354045MiserablePoorOKHighOutstandingResponsesA cce ssib ility and stability Use r friendliness Educa tional valueFig. 2. Summary outcome of evaluation questionnaire.Students appreciated most that they could decide themselves when to do thelaboratory exercises. This was perceived as less stressful [than traditional eveninglaboratory classes]. They also appreciated the graphical interface, becauseyou could see the graphs clearly and it was excellent when analysing data. Themost severe drawbacks were the system instabilities. The system was instablewhen many students were logged on simultaneously: First you could not accessthe home-page at all, and then once you managed to log in it kept on crashing.5. OUTCOME: THE CRITICAL DIFFERENCE OF A LARGE STUDENT CLASSThe use of WebLab in the undergraduate course at Chalmers was the largestand most ambitious deployment of WebLab to date. On Feb 25, 2003, there were134 characterization experiments executed in a single hour (on average thatmeans a job every 27 seconds). An experiment this scale was bound to result inthe identification of new problems that had never been seen before when operatingat lighter loads. Two kinds of problems were encountered. First, there was ahandful of system blackouts during which WebLab was unavailable for measurements.Second, the system returned an error message in response to a validexperimental setup. The origin of both types of errors was identified and corrected.6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONIn our experiment with online laboratories we had an explicit purpose to get awayfrom traditional closed-form laboratories. In that type of laboratory students devotemost of their time to handling of the instruments to collect device data following astep-by-step instruction manual, frequently asking the teaching assistant for help tofind a short-cut to the next step. In an online computer-based laboratory, instrumenthandling can be minimized through the WebLab graphical user interface.Thereby, the student focus can be shifted to data analysis, parameter extraction,and model fitting. In essence, online laboratories enables the students to take amore active role in defining the scope of the assignment they can do measurementswhen they feel ready for them and re-do them when and if need arises [5].However, new opportunities also mean new challenges, for instance when itcomes to finding a text book to support the new learning process. Traditionally,most text books do not contain detailed experimental sections. One exception isthe book by Pierret [6] that contains an excellent description of experimental diodesetups, but it leaves the readers on their own when it comes to transistorcharacterization. One wonders who will become the first text book author to includea description of the transistor parameter analyzer in their book?Some problems encountered in the course of this experiment had a morenegative impact on the overall experience of the undergraduate students atChalmers University when compared to MIT students using WebLab in MITcourses. There are two reasons for this. First, at Chalmers students worked ingroups, while at MIT students assignments were of an individual nature. This isrelevant because at Chalmers, students had to make an appointment to worktogether on their lab assignments at a specific time. If the system was not availableor if the system did not operate properly at that very time, students were forced toreschedule leading to frustration and possible project delay. In an individualassignment, a student has a lot more flexibility to schedule their work and theconsequences of system malfunction are much less severe.The second reason for the negative impact of systems problems in the overalleducational experience of the Chalmers students is the time zone differencebetween Chalmers and MIT. As a consequence, several hours could pass betweenthe occurrence of a system problem and its satisfactory resolution, this evenif the problem was of a trivial nature and its solution would only take a fewseconds.7. REFERENCES[1] J. A. del Alamo, J. A., L. Brooks, C. McLean, J. Hardison, G. Mishuris, V. Chang and L. Hui,The MIT Microelectronics WebLab: a Web-Enabled Remote Laboratory for Microelectronic DeviceCharacterization, World Congress on Networked Learning, Berlin (DE), 2002[2] R. Cabello et al, eMerge: An European educational network for dissemination of onlinelaboratory experiments, ICEE, Valencia (ES), 2003[3] J. Henry, Running Laboratory Experiments via the World Wide Web, ASEE Conference, 1996[4] J. A. del Alamo, V. Chang, J. Hardison, D. Zych, and L. Hui, An Online Microelectronics DeviceCharacterization Laboratory with a Circuit-like User Interface, ICEE, Valencia (ES), 2003[5] A. Söderlund, K. O. Jeppson, F Ingvarson, and P Lundgren, The Remote Laboratory A NewComplement in Engineering Education, ICEE 2002, Manchester (UK), 2002.[6] R. F. Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Addison-Wesley, 1996
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) in BAL fluid distinguishes farmers with allergic alveolitis from farmers with asymptomatic alveolitis
- 1992
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3543 .- 0012-3692. ; 101:1, s. 109-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary function measurements, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and analyses of precipitating antibodies in blood were performed in 12 farmers wtih no symptoms from the airways and 12 farmers who were admitted to the hospital due to acute symptoms of alveolitis (all nonsmokers). In addition, a bronchial methacholine provocation test was performed in the asymptomatic farmers. In 11 of the 12 symptomatic farmers but in none of the asymptomatic farmers, precipitating antibodies against one or more of the microorganisms which usually occur in a farmer's environment were found. In the farmers with symptomatic alveolitis, a restrictive impairment of pulmonary function was found, while pulmonary function was normal in all asymptomatic farmers. Findings in the BAL fluid showed increased concentrations of total cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils and elevated levels of albumin, fibronectin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme in asymptomatic farmers compared with our own reference group. The same analyses in BAL fluid from the symptomatic farmers revealed a further increase in all parameters compared with the asymptomatic farmers. The BAL fluid from asymptomatic farmers had normal levels of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) and procollagen 3 N-terminal peptide, while these levels were significantly increased in the symptomatic group. We conclude that inflammation in the alveolar space and signs of activation of alveolar macrophages are present in farmers regardless of respiratory symptoms, although these findings are more pronounced in the presence of symptoms of acute alveolitis; however, the findings of impaired pulmonary function and the occurrence of precipitins and elevated levels of hyaluronic acid and procollagen 3 N-terminal peptide in BAL fluid were exclusively found in the farmers with airways symptoms. We postulate the hyaluronic acid, due to its pronounced ability to immobilize water, may be of importance in the development of the pulmonary function impairment observed in farmer's lung disease.
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Linda, 1978-
(författare)
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Born Small for Gestational Age : Beyond Size at Birth
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children born small for gestational age (SGA) run increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, but also of long-term health impairment. Risks on long term may vary depending on postnatal growth patterns. The overall aim of the thesis was to gain further knowledge about long-term consequences of being born SGA, as well as the impact of perinatal exposures on postnatal growth patterns. The thesis is based on four register-based cohort studies.In paper I, risk of chronic hypertension was assessed in 731,008 first-time mothers. Perinatal exposure to pre-eclampsia, being born SGA and preterm were all independently associated with increased risk of chronic hypertension. The risk was further enhanced after combined exposure. The strongest association was seen in combinations including pre-eclampsia.In paper II, risk of poor school performance at time of graduation from compulsory school was assessed in 1,088,980 children born SGA at term. Being born SGA was associated with increased risk of poor school performance, following a dose-response pattern with increased risk even for birthweight for gestational age (GA) –1.01 to –2 SD. Boys with short adult stature were associated with higher risk of poor school performance than those with non-short stature.In paper III, differences in postnatal growth patterns depending on SGA status and maternal smoking habits were assessed in 32,493 children. Children born SGA with smoking mothers had a more rapid catch-up growth than those with non-smoking mothers. Compared with children born appropriate for GA (AGA) with non-smoking mothers, only children born SGA with non-smoking mothers were associated with increased risk of short stature at 1.5 and 5 years.In paper IV, differences in postnatal growth patterns until age five years, depending on SGA status and GA at birth, were assessed in 41,669 children born between 32-40 gestational weeks. Being born SGA and moderate to late preterm was associated with shorter stature and lower BMI, compared with being born AGA at term. SGA status had greater impact on growth and body proportions than GA at birth.In conclusion, children born SGA are at higher risk of chronic hypertension and cognitive impairment than children born AGA. Postnatal growth patterns vary in children born SGA, depending on intrauterine exposure to smoking and GA at birth. This may modify risks of long-term health impairment.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Thomas, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for anisotropic, anisothermal, and inelastic effects in crack initiation lifing of additively manufactured components
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. - : Wiley. - 8756-758X .- 1460-2695. ; 46:2, s. 396-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crack initiation life of a ductile additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy is studied and modeled for low-cycle fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue conditions up to 600 degrees C. Isothermal experiments were performed on smooth specimens at temperatures up to 600 degrees C with different applied strain ranges. Additionally, thermomechanical fatigue experiments at 100-450 degrees C and 100-600 degrees C were performed on smooth specimens under in-phase and out-of-phase conditions. A life prediction model accounting for the anisotropy was developed, where the temperature cycle is accounted with a Delta T$$ \Delta T $$-functionality, generating good agreements with the experiments. The model was also validated on notched specimens undergoing thermomechanical fatigue conditions at 100-500 degrees C using simplified notch correction methods.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Constitutive model for thermomechanical fatigue conditions of an additively manufactured combustor alloy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Mechanics of materials. - : Elsevier. - 0167-6636 .- 1872-7743. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the mechanical response of an additively manufactured nickel-based combustor alloy, subjected to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) loadings has been investigated and modelled. TMF tests were performed in both in-phase and out-of-phase conditions with different strain ranges and temperature ranges of 100 degrees C-450 degrees C and 100 degrees C-600 degrees C, respectively. The smooth specimens were manufactured in two different orientations to study the influence of anisotropy, and the specimens were machined to final dimensions with conventional techniques. A constitutive model with focus on describing the mid-life behaviour was developed where the total inelastic strain was divided into one plastic (rate-independent) and one creep (rate-dependent) part, to be able to describe both the rate-dependent effects from TMF conditions as well as rate-independent responses. A cycle jumping procedure was used, which enables to simulate the mid-life response of the material for TMF as well as low-cycle fatigue conditions within three simulated loading cycles.
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