| 1. |
- Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Motion Sickness on Encoding and Retrieval
- 2010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Background: The impact of motion sickness on human performance has been studied with regards to psychomotor functions and over learned skills, as well as to novel situations requiring encoding and retrieval skills through the use of short term memory. In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Method: Forty healthy participants, half of them males, performed a continuous recognition task (CRT) during exposure to a motion sickness triggering optokinetic drum. The CRT was employed as a measurement of performance and consisted of encoding and retrieval of words. The task consisted of three consecutive phases 1) encoding of familiar words; 2) encoding and retrieval of words under the influence of motion sickness; 3) retrieval of words after exposure. Results: Data analysis revealed no significant differences in the ability to encode or retrieve words during motion sickness compared with a control condition. In addition, there were no significant correlations between the level of motion sickness and performance of the CRT. Conclusion: The results indicate that encoding and retrieval of words are not affected by moderate levels of motion sickness. Application: This research has implications for operational settings where professionals experience moderate levels of motion sickness.
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| 2. |
- Sjörs, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval performance and on psychophysiological responses
- 2010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motion sickness has previously been found to deteriorate performance, e.g., regarding psychomotor functions and short term memory. Sustained ability to perform, despite motion sickness, is crucial in complex working environments. This study focuses on effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words through the use of long term memory. In addition, the temporal development of different psychophysiological responses and their relationship with perceived motion sickness were investigated. Forty healthy participants performed an encoding and retrieval task during exposure to an optokinetic drum. The results were compared with data from 20 controls that performed the task without motion sickness exposure. Measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, blood volume pulse, respiration rate, and skin temperature were made throughout optokinetic drum exposure. Data analyses revealed no significant effects of moderate levels of motion sickness on the ability to encode or retrieve words. We found positive relationships between subjective motion sickness ratings and heart rate, blood volume pulse and skin temperature whereas respiration rate was negatively related to perceived motion sickness. The psychophysiological measurements did not show consistent patterns of sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, as could be expected. Hence, they are not recommended as predictors of motion sickness.
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| 3. |
- Asplund,, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vem kan man lita på? : Att kommunicera risker i samband med förorenade områden
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällets kostnader för att sanera förorenad mark har ökat under senare år. Markundersökningar och saneringsprojekt kan sträcka sig över längre tidsperioder och skapa oro hos närboende och andra berörda. Effektiv och trovärdig kommunikation om riskerna är därför en viktig komponent i ett efterbehandlingsprojekt. WSP Environmental har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket (Hållbar sanering) gjort en litteraturgenomgång kring riskkommunikation med inriktning på förorenad mark, samt sammanställt erfarenheter från fem svenska fallstudier där kommunikationsfrågorna varit viktiga. Rapporten avslutas med råd och kommentarer till hur projektledningar och myndigheter kan hantera riskkommunikationen så att sannolikheten att det uppstår konflikter minskar. Projektet genomfördes under 2005-2006. Litteraturgenomgången visade att kommunikationskonflikter kring riskerna i ett saneringsprojekt är vanliga och kan röra fakta, tillit och värderingar. Både budbäraren och mottagaren har stor betydelse för hur situationen utvecklas och ”experterna” har inte tolkningsföreträde vad det gäller riskuppfattningen. Det gäller därför att tänka sig in i hur de olika intressenterna kan reagera och anpassa kommunikationen efter detta. Det gäller också för kommunikatören att vara flexibel och beredd på att ta hand om frågor och reaktioner som dyker upp från oväntat håll. De fem fallstudierna bekräftade att riskkommunikationen är viktig och att en väl genomförd kommunikationsinsats minskar friktionen mellan de olika aktörerna. Slentrianmässig eller dåligt samordnad kommunikation åstadkommer motsatsen. Fallstudierna visade också att massmedia kan ha en viktig roll som informatör men också påverka allmänhetens riskuppfattning. En intressant iakttagelse i några av studierna var att det var en oplanerad eller oväntad händelse som åstadkom kommunikationskonflikten. Finns det redan i början av projektet ett svagt förtroende för auktoriteterna (konsulter och myndigheter) kan en dålig kommunikationsinsats ytterligare försvaga tilliten. En utomstående expert kan bidra till ökad tillit genom att förmedla sin syn på riskerna. Följande komponenter identifierades som särskilt viktiga i samband med riskkommunikation kring förorenade områden: • Goda förberedelser, exempelvis genom att identifiera målgrupperna, planera kommunikationsinsatserna och tänka sig in i vad som kan skapa konflikter. • Att skapa en öppen och transparent process där dialogen mellan olika aktörer lyfts fram och betraktas som viktig. • Att inse att kunskap och rationalitet är olika begrepp. Enskilda personers riskuppfattning baseras på en blandning av tekniska, psykologiska, sociologiska, kulturella men även ekonomiska överväganden. • Att en genomtänkt kommunikationsplan ger bra förutsättningar för att kommunikationsfrågorna ges rätt prioritet i efterbehandlingsprojektet. När allmänheten och massmedia ringer ner telefonen är det ofta för sent för att åstadkomma en väl avvägd kommunikationsinsats.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic allopregnanolone elevation cause altered plaque production in Swe/PS1 mice
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract. We have previously shown that chronic elevation of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone caused learning dysfunction and increased levels of soluble Aβ in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. The mechanism behind these findings is however unknown. We further investigated the brain tissue of these mice to identify any effects on congophilic plaque burden, Aβ42-specific plaque burden and synaptic function. We found a significant reduction in the average size of the congophilic core of neuritic plaques after chronic allopregnanolone treatment compared to vehicle. This seems to be caused by an altered plaque production, leading to more abundant, but smaller neuritic plaques. We may also have detected a decrease in the amount of synaptophysin, and thus synaptic function among the same mice. However, the long interval between the end of treatment and tissue collection possibly allowed time for recovery and only minor differences were noted. We found that the natural relationship between levels of insoluble Aβ, congophilic and Aβ42-specific plaque load was disrupted after chronically elevated allopregnanolone levels. Furthermore, the levels of syn-aptophysin and insoluble Aβ became more important in the relationship to learning and memory. The causality of these factors is still unknown and further studies are required to fully understand the effect of neurosteroids on AD development.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Autologous regulatory T cells in clinical intraportal allogenic pancreatic islet transplantation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 34:12, s. 2816-2823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allogeneic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes requires lifelong immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. This medication can cause adverse effects and increases the susceptibility for infections and malignancies. Adoptive therapies with regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown promise in reducing the need for immunosuppression in human transplantation settings but have previously not been evaluated in islet transplantation. In this study, five patients with type 1 diabetes undergoing intraportal allogeneic islet transplantation were co-infused with polyclonal autologous Tregs under a standard immunosuppressive regimen. Patients underwent leaukapheresis from which Tregs were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and cryopreserved until transplantation. Dose ranges of 0.14–1.27 × 106 T cells per kilo bodyweight were transplanted. No negative effects were seen related to the Treg infusion, regardless of cell dose. Only minor complications related to the immunosuppressive drugs were reported. This first-in-man study of autologous Treg infusion in allogenic pancreatic islet transplantation shows that the treatment is safe and feasible. Based on these results, future efficacy studies will be developed under the label of advanced therapeutic medical products (ATMP), using modified or expanded Tregs with the aim of minimizing the need for chronic immunosuppressive medication in islet transplantation.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Boenink, Rianne, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in kidney transplantation rate across Europe : a study from the ERA Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 38:6, s. 1528-1539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The aim of this study was to identify trends in total, deceased donor (DD) and living donor (LD) kidney transplantation (KT) rates in European countries. Methods. The European Renal Association (ERA) Registry and the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) databases were used to obtain the number of KTs in individual European countries between 2010 and 2018. General population counts were obtained from Eurostat or the national bureaus of statistics. The KT rate per million population (p.m.p.) and the average annual percentage change (APC) were calculated. Results. The total KT rate in the 40 participating countries increased with 1.9% annually [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 2.2] from 29.6 p.m.p. in 2010 to 34.7 p.m.p. in 2018, reflecting an increase of 3.4 p.m.p. in the DD-KT rate (from 21.6 p.m.p. to 25.0 p.m.p.; APC 1.9%; 95% CI 1.3, 2.4) and of 1.5 p.m.p. in the LD-KT rate (from 8.1 p.m.p. to 9.6 p.m.p.; APC 1.6%; 95% CI 1.0, 2.3). The trends in KT rate varied widely across European countries. An East-West gradient was observed for DD-KT rate, with Western European countries performing more KTs. In addition, most countries performed fewer LD-KTs. In 2018, Spain had the highest DD-KT rate (64.6 p.m.p.) and Turkey the highest LD-KT rate (37.0 p.m.p.). Conclusions. The total KT rate increased due to a rise in the KT rate from DDs and to a lesser extent from LDs, with large differences between individual European countries.
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| 9. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of tryptic-like activity in purified enzyme blends for efficient islet isolation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 87:3, s. 370-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The isolation of islets from the human pancreas critically depends on an efficient enzyme blend. Previous studies have solely focused on the presence of collagenase and neutral protease/thermolysin. Despite improved characterization of these components, the lot-related variability in efficacy still persists suggesting that additional so far disregarded enzymes are required for efficient islet cleavage. METHODS: Varying activities of a tryptic-like enzyme were identified within collagenase NB1 lots, which were selected according to a matched ratio between tryptic-like and collagenase activity (TLA-ratio). Rat and human pancreata were processed with current standard procedures. RESULTS: Increasing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 10% reduced pancreas dissociation time in rats by 50% without affecting islet yield, viability, or posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. Enhancing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 12.6% for human pancreas processing resulted in a significant reduction of recirculation time and increased incrementally human islet yield without affecting purity, in vitro function or recovery after culture. Optimized pancreas digestion correlated with a higher percentage of islet preparations fulfilling quality criteria for clinical transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TLA is an effective component that should be included in moderate amounts in enzyme blends for human islet isolation to optimize the efficiency and minimize the lot-related variability.
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| 10. |
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