| 1. |
- Törneke, Krister, et al.
(författare)
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Vägledning för kommunal VA-planering : för hållbar VA-försörjning och god vattenstatus
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klimatförändringar och översvämningar, ökade miljökrav och en åldrad infrastruktur innebär ökade krav på kommunernas vatten- och avloppsverksamhet. Utanför verksamhetsområdet riskerar bristfälliga små avloppsanläggningar att sprida smittoämnen och bidra till att vattenförekomster inte uppnår god status. Kommunerna står inför stora investeringar för att nå en hållbar VAförsörjning. En strategisk och långsiktig VA-planering som omfattar både dricksvatten, spillvatten och dagvatten blir kommunens verktyg för att lyfta fram problem och prioritera åtgärder för att kostnadseffektivt möta de utmaningar som man står inför. Vägledningen är framtagen för att underlätta kommunernas planering för en trygg och hållbar VA-försörjning. Den ger konkreta råd för att komma igång och föreslår en stegvis planeringsprocess. Arbetssättet bygger på att börja med det som är tillgängligt, identifiera de strategiska frågorna och göra vägval inför den fortsatta planeringen. Vägledningen beskriver de olika stegen i planeringsprocessen och vilka styrdokument den bör omfatta. VA-planeringen bör initieras med ett tydligt uppdrag till en förvaltningsövergripande arbetsgrupp med tillräckliga resurser (steg 1). Steg 2 är att utarbeta en VA-översikt som beskriver omvärldsfaktorer, nuläge, förutsättningar och framtida behov. Steg 3 är att beskriva strategiska vägval för hantering av olika frågor, som fastställs i en VA-policy. Själva VAplanen (steg 4) tas fram utifrån VA-översikten och VA-policyn och innehåller en plan för såväl den allmänna anläggningen som för VA-försörjningen utanför verksamhetsområdet. VA-planen tillämpas sedan genom att åtgärderna förs in i kommunens löpande budgetprocess. Arbetet enligt VA-planen följs sedan upp regelbundet och planen revideras lämpligen varje mandatperiod (steg 5). En förutsättning för en lyckad VA-planering är att det finns en god kommunikation mellan politiker och tjänstemän från olika enheter inom kommunen. Det finns också ett stort värde i att samverka med länsstyrelser och grannkommuner för att utbyta erfarenheter. En väl genomförd VA-planering ger en beredskap och gör kommunen betydligt bättre rustad för att möta utmaningarna på VA-området och möjlighet att påverka utvecklingen i positiv riktning.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' self-defining internet experiences
- 2015
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Ingår i: Technology and youth. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781784413057 - 9781785602641 ; , s. 105-131
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate how young women and men perceive the Internet as a phenomenon and what role and meaning they ascribe to the Internet as an arena for defining themselves and for shaping their identity.Methodology/approachThe empirical data consist of narratives written by Swedish adolescents. Using content analysis the analysis was carried out in three steps: (1) finding categories and themes, (2) calculation of statistical differences in category frequencies, (3) a theoretically informed interpretation of central themes, using Bourdieu's concept of different forms of capital, and Giddens' concept of "pure relations."FindingsThe narratives exemplify how computer literacy and technological competence can be converted into social, cultural, and symbolic capital. Gender differences occur both in statistical differences between category frequencies in girls' and boys' narratives and in the interpretation of central themes. But there are also several examples that show more complex and contradictory tendencies, exceeding or transformative of gender differences and hierarchy.Originality/valueThis study considers adolescents' own perspectives on an arena of great importance. The analyses have been performed both qualitatively and quantitatively, which gives a nuanced picture of young people's self-defining experiences on the Internet.
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| 3. |
- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with good self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD
- 2011
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 6, s. 511-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) state that COPD is both preventable and treatable. To gain a more positive outlook on the disease it is interesting to investigate factors associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD in the population. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, postal survey questionnaires were sent to a stratified, random population in Sweden in 2004 and 2008. The prevalence of subjects (40–84 years) who reported having COPD was 2.1% in 2004 and 2.7% in 2008. Data were analyzed for 1475 subjects. Regression models were used to analyze the associations between health measures (general health status, the General Health Questionnaire, the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire) and influencing factors. Results: The most important factor associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life was level of physical activity. Odds ratios for general health varied from 2.4 to 7.7 depending on degree of physical activity, where subjects with the highest physical activity level reported the best health and also highest quality of life. Social support and absence of economic problems almost doubled the odds ratios for better health and quality of life. Conclusions: In this population-based public health survey, better self-rated health status and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD was associated with higher levels of physical activity, social support, and absence of economic problems. The findings indicated that of possible factors that could be influenced, promoting physical activity and strengthening social support are important in maintaining or improving the health and quality of life in subjects with COPD. Severity of the disease as a possible confounding effect should be investigated in future population studies.
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| 4. |
- Aurelius, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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The Crystal Structure of Thermotoga maritima Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase Lacks a Radical Cysteine Pre-Positioned in the Active Site
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks for DNA synthesis, and are found in all but a few organisms. RNRs use radical chemistry to catalyze the reduction reaction. Despite RNR having evolved several mechanisms for generation of different kinds of essential radicals across a large evolutionary time frame, this initial radical is normally always channelled to a strictly conserved cysteine residue directly adjacent to the substrate for initiation of substrate reduction, and this cysteine has been found in the structures of all RNRs solved to date. We present the crystal structure of an anaerobic RNR from the extreme thermophile Thermotoga maritima (tmNrdD), alone and in several complexes, including with the allosteric effector dATP and its cognate substrate CTP. In the crystal structure of the enzyme as purified, tmNrdD lacks a cysteine for radical transfer to the substrate pre-positioned in the active site. Nevertheless activity assays using anaerobic cell extracts from T. maritima demonstrate that the class III RNR is enzymatically active. Other genetic and microbiological evidence is summarized indicating that the enzyme is important for T. maritima. Mutation of either of two cysteine residues in a disordered loop far from the active site results in inactive enzyme. We discuss the possible mechanisms for radical initiation of substrate reduction given the collected evidence from the crystal structure, our activity assays and other published work. Taken together, the results suggest either that initiation of substrate reduction may involve unprecedented conformational changes in the enzyme to bring one of these cysteine residues to the expected position, or that alternative routes for initiation of the RNR reduction reaction may exist. Finally, we present a phylogenetic analysis showing that the structure of tmNrdD is representative of a new RNR subclass IIIh, present in all Thermotoga species plus a wider group of bacteria from the distantly related phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
- Crona, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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A Rare Combination of Ribonucleotide Reductases in the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 288:12, s. 8198-8208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the only pathway for de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA replication and repair. The vast majority of eukaryotes encodes only a class I RNR, but interestingly some eukaryotes, including the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, encode both a class I and a class II RNR. The amino acid sequence of the D. discoideum class I RNR is similar to other eukaryotic RNRs, whereas that of its class II RNR is most similar to the monomeric class II RNRs found in Lactobacillus spp. and a few other bacteria. Here we report the first study of RNRs in a eukaryotic organism that encodes class I and class II RNRs. Both classes of RNR genes were expressed in D. discoideum cells, although the class I transcripts were more abundant and strongly enriched during mid-development compared with the class II transcript. The quaternary structure, allosteric regulation, and properties of the diiron-oxo/radical cofactor of D. discoideum class I RNR are similar to those of the mammalian RNRs. Inhibition of D. discoideum class I RNR by hydroxyurea resulted in a 90% reduction in spore formation and decreased the germination viability of the surviving spores by 75%. Class II RNR could not compensate for class I inhibition during development, and an excess of vitamin B12 coenzyme, which is essential for class II activity, did not improve spore formation. We suggest that class I is the principal RNR during D. discoideum development and growth and is important for spore formation, possibly by providing dNTPs for mitochondrial replication.
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| 8. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive training and effects on speech-in noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired individuals
- 2015
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Ingår i: CHSCOM2015. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 127-127
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive training might have potential to improve speech understanding under adverse listening conditions. Here, we have examined the effects of a 5-week computer-based cognitive training program on speech-in-noise-performance, in normal hearing (NH) participants and in participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (HI).Two groups, matched on gender and age (45-65 years), of 20 participants each (HI and NH respectively) are recruited. Participants perform four test-sessions; inclusion (t0), five weeks (t1), ten weeks (t2) and six months (t3). Training is performed either between t0 and t1, or between t1 and t2 (using a cross-over design), using the computer-based Cogmed training program, approximately 30-40 minutes per day, five days per week, during five weeks. At each session participants are tested in three different ways: (a) cognitive testing (KIPS, SICSPAN, TRT); (b) auditory performance (pure tone-audiometry (air- and bone-conduction) and speech audiometry (HINT, Swedish SPIN-test (SNR +4dB))); (c) cortical activation (MR sessions where participants performed a speech-in-noise task using Hagerman-sentences with steady-state speech-spectrum noise (SSN) and with two competing talkers). MR imaging is performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla scanner using a sparse imaging technique in which stimuli are presented during the silent period between successive scans. Participants listen to auditory stimuli under eight different conditions: clear speech, SSN or two competing talkers (each at 90%, 50% and 0% intelligibility), and silent rest. Pre- and post-training, hearing disability is assessed by the Speech-Spatial-Qualities-Questionnaire.The study is on-going and behavioral results as well as results from fMRI will be presented.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Avloppsvatten : Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingen de senaste 200 åren har gått från nedgrävda latriner via underjordiska kloaker som släpptes ut i närmaste sjö eller kustvatten till avancerade avloppsreningsverk. Avloppsfrågan har förändrats från att vara lösningen på ett lokalt sanitärt problem till att bli en global miljöfråga.Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige ges ut av Naturvårdsverket och beskriver hur reningen av avloppsvatten från tätorter utvecklats i Sverige under 1900- och 2000-talen. Skriften ges ut vartannat år och har uppdaterats med senaste statistiken från 2014 angående utsläpp och slam från reningsverk.Informationen presenteras enligt artikel 16 i avloppsdirektivet (91/271/EEG). Direktivet omfattar allt avloppsvatten som samlas upp i ledningsnät, men kvantitativa krav ställs bara för de reningsverk som betjänar mer är 2 000 personer. I Sverige motsvarar det drygt 400 anläggningar. De gamla medlemsländerna i EU (EU15) skulle ha uppfyllt alla åtgärder inom ramen för direktivet vid utgången av 2005. De 12 nya EU-länderna har olika övergångsregler.
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| 10. |
- Funestrand, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Substandard and falsified medical products are a global public health threat. A pilot survey of awareness among physicians in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-3850 .- 1741-3842. ; 41:1, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSubstandard and falsified medical products are a public health threat, primarily associated with low- and middle-income countries. Today, the phenomenon also exists in high-income countries. Increased Internet access has opened a global market. Self-diagnosis and self-prescription have boosted the market for unregulated websites with access to falsified medicines.AimTo describe the state of knowledge and experience on SF medical products among emergency physicians (EPs) and general practitioners (GPs) in Sweden.MethodsAn online survey with anonymous answers from 100 EPs and 100 GPs. Physicians were recruited from TNS SIFO’s medical database. The term in the survey was ‘illegal and falsified medicines’ which was common in Sweden at that time. It corresponds well with the term ‘substandard and falsified medical products’ that the WHO launched shortly after our data collection. We report our results with this term.ResultsIn Sweden, 78.5% of the physicians had heard the term ‘illegal and falsified medicines’ and 36.5% had met patients they suspected had taken it. Physicians lacked awareness of the use of the reporting system and wanted more knowledge about how to deal with patients who have possibly used falsified medicines.ConclusionsTo meet the public health threat of SF medical products, physicians need more knowledge.
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