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| 2. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics for early pancreatic cancer detection in plasma samples from a Swedish prospective population-based biobank
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2078-6891 .- 2219-679X. ; 15:2, s. 755-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer) is often detected at late stages resulting in poor overall survival. To improve survival, more patients need to be diagnosed early when curative surgery is feasible. We aimed to identify circulating metabolites that could be used as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.Methods: We performed metabolomics by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma samples from 82 future pancreatic cancer patients and 82 matched healthy controls within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Logistic regression was used to assess univariate associations between metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to design a metabolite-based risk score. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess the discriminative performance of the metabolite-based risk score.Results: Among twelve risk-associated metabolites with a nominal P value <0.05, we defined a risk score of three metabolites [indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and retention index (RI): 2,745.4] using LASSO. A logistic regression model containing these three metabolites, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, sample date, fasting status, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) yielded an internal area under curve (AUC) of 0.784 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.714–0.854] compared to 0.681 (95% CI: 0.597–0.764) for a model without these metabolites (P value =0.007). Seventeen metabolites were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer survival [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1].Conclusions: Indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and RI: 2,745.4 were identified as the top candidate biomarkers for early detection. However, continued efforts are warranted to determine the usefulness of these metabolites as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.
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| 3. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics for early pancreatic cancer detection in plasma samples from a Swedish prospective population-based biobank
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2078-6891 .- 2219-679X. ; 15:2, s. 755-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer) is often detected at late stages resulting in poor overall survival. To improve survival, more patients need to be diagnosed early when curative surgery is feasible. We aimed to identify circulating metabolites that could be used as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.Methods: We performed metabolomics by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma samples from 82 future pancreatic cancer patients and 82 matched healthy controls within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Logistic regression was used to assess univariate associations between metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to design a metabolite-based risk score. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess the discriminative performance of the metabolite-based risk score.Results: Among twelve risk-associated metabolites with a nominal P value <0.05, we defined a risk score of three metabolites [indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and retention index (RI): 2,745.4] using LASSO. A logistic regression model containing these three metabolites, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, sample date, fasting status, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) yielded an internal area under curve (AUC) of 0.784 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.714–0.854] compared to 0.681 (95% CI: 0.597–0.764) for a model without these metabolites (P value =0.007). Seventeen metabolites were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer survival [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1].Conclusions: Indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and RI: 2,745.4 were identified as the top candidate biomarkers for early detection. However, continued efforts are warranted to determine the usefulness of these metabolites as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.
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| 4. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-omics profiling to identify early plasma biomarkers in pre-diagnostic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma : a nested case-control study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1944-7124 .- 1936-5233. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor survival. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the outcome through early detection. Here, we aimed to discover novel biomarkers for early PDAC detection using multi-omics profiling in pre-diagnostic plasma samples biobanked after routine health examinations.A nested case-control study within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study was designed. Pre-diagnostic plasma samples from 37 future PDAC patients collected within 2.3 years before diagnosis and 37 matched healthy controls were included. We analyzed metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, microRNAs by HTG edgeseq, proteins by multiplex proximity extension assays, as well as three clinical biomarkers using milliplex technology. Supervised and unsupervised multi-omics integration were performed as well as univariate analyses for the different omics types and clinical biomarkers. Multiple hypothesis testing was corrected using Benjamini-Hochberg's method and a false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.1 was considered statistically significant.Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 was associated with PDAC risk (OR [95 % CI] = 3.09 [1.31–7.29], FDR = 0.03) and increased closer to PDAC diagnosis. Supervised multi-omics models resulted in poor discrimination between future PDAC cases and healthy controls with obtained accuracies between 0.429–0.500. No single metabolite, microRNA, or protein was differentially altered (FDR < 0.1) between future PDAC cases and healthy controls.CA 19-9 levels increase up to two years prior to PDAC diagnosis but extensive multi-omics analysis including metabolomics, microRNAomics and proteomics in this cohort did not identify novel early biomarkers for PDAC.
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| 5. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges faced by teachers implementing socio-scientific issues as core elements in their classroom practices
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - : Bastas Publications. - 2301-251X. ; 3:2, s. 159-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers may face considerable challenges when implementing socio‐scientific issues (SSI) in their classroom practices, such as incorporating student‐centred teaching practices and exploring knowledge and values in the context of socio-scientific issues. This year‐long study explores teachers’ reflections on the process of developing their classroom practices when implementing SSI. Video‐recorded discussions between two upper secondary school science teachers and an educational researcher, grounded in the teachers’ reflections on their classroom practices, provided data for the analysis. The results show that during the course of the implementation the teachers enhanced their awareness of the importance of promoting students’ participation and supporting their independence as learners. However, the results also suggest a conflict between the enactment of a student‐centred classroom practice and the achievement of intended learning goals. In order to accept the challenge of implementing SSI in the classroom, it is suggested that it is essential for teachers to build strategies, which integrate dialogue about learning goals.
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| 6. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-
(författare)
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Exploring the complexities of integrating socioscientific issues in science teaching
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socioscientific issues, SSI, can briefly be described as societal issues in which science plays a role. Dealing with SSI in science education is a means to prepare and empower students for active and responsible participation in a complex, democratic society. The implementation of SSI-based teaching calls for classroom practices in which scientific evidence alongside for example social and ethical perspectives are considered. Discourse-based teaching activities are emphasized as a means to provide opportunities for students to practice negotiations of SSI and explore diverse viewpoints on the issues. Dealing with SSI in science teaching is recognized as a challenging task for science teachers. This thesis aims to provide knowledge to support the implementation of SSI-based science teaching. Three studies involving two upper secondary school science teachers are performed to achieve this aim. The first study makes use of video-stimulated discussions to investigate the two teachers’reflections on their classroom practices while they implement SSI throughout an academic year. The second study utilizes the concept positioning as a tool to identify and describe the ways in which one teacher’s interactions with students during group work make available different parts for the students to play as participants, when dealing with SSI in the classroom. The third study makes use of the concept communicative approach to investigate how the two teachers’ management of classroom discussions sets conditions for the consideration of multiple perspectives relevant to SSI, including the students’ viewpoints. The results provide knowledge useful when making considerations about the design and enactment of teaching activities in relation to specific educational goals. The results suggest that a specific challenge with designing and enacting SSI-based teaching activities is to balance between controlling and directing the teaching activities to promote specific learning goals and providing space for students’ participation and perspectives. The results of employing the analytical tools elucidate how this challenge can play out in classroom practice and contribute with knowledge of the ways in which teachers’ discursive practices play a role in addressing this challenge. Strategies to support teachers’ implementation of SSI-based teaching that take account of teachers’ existing practices are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Danielsson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender performativity in physics : affordances or only constraints?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cultural Studies of Science Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1871-1502 .- 1871-1510. ; 9:2, s. 523-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this forum we engage in a dialogue with Allison Gonsalves’s paper ‘“Physics and the girly girl—there is a contradiction somewhere”: Doctoral students’ positioning around discourses of gender and competence in physics’. In her paper Gonsalves uses a sociocultural approach to examine women doctoral students’ stories about becoming physicists. In doing so her paper focuses on how discourses of masculinity and femininity can create available and unavailable positions for the women students. In this dialogue we do a parallel reading of two of the student narratives presented by Gonsalves, using Judith Butler’s (1990) concept of discursive agency as a means to more explicitly bring the affordances for women identity constitution offered by their localized physicist context to the fore, rather focusing on its, often more visible, constraints.
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| 8. |
- Eek-Karlsson, Liselotte, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Likabehandlingsarbete — en reproduktion av rådande maktordning?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Educare. - Malmö : Malmö universitet. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :2, s. 49-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This project sets out to examine how schools identify their assignment to make school to a place of equality. The research questions address how efforts to counteract discrimination regarding sexual orientation, gender and ethnicity are expressed as well as what power structures that can be identified in this respect. In total, 134 documents from compulsory school in municipalities in southern, mid and northern Sweden are collected. The documents are analyzed using Kumashiro´s (2002) four perspectives to conceptualize and work against oppression. The analysis shows different ways that schools address this assignment. Differences regarding what is identified as problems seems to build different approaches in how the work against oppression becomes visible. Double strategies are described in order to both strengthen and challenge the power structure that is prevalent between the norm carrying group and the group the schools identify as marginalized.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindahl, Mats, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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How do 15-16 year old students use scientific knowledge to justify their reasoning about human sexuality and relationships?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Teaching and Teacher Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 60:November, s. 121-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to advance our understanding about the roles studentsassign to expert knowledge, the present study addresses how secondaryschool students use their knowledge of scientific disciplines in theirreasoning of socioscientific issues (SSI). Through group discussions, theresults show that students use science either as a sole justification orintegrated with other kinds of knowledge. Using expert knowledge to liftproblems out of the limited local contexts and find solutions, thestudents access the freedom to make personal choices. Thus, it wasconcluded that scientific knowledge provides possibilities for decisionsthat can support students' agency.
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