| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout in Athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Handbuch Stressregulation und Sport. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783662493229 - 9783662493212 ; , s. 489-504
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although most athletes do from time to time experience symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion, they are probably never near more maladaptive states such as burnout. Being physically tired after a long training camp or feeling drained after along season is normal for competitive athletes. After short recovery periods, the motivation for more training and new competitions quickly returns. However, a small number of athletes (1–2%) will experience a more serious and chronic state of exhaustion that eventually can lead to a total withdrawal from sport indicative of burnout. Among these are often the most ambitious and talented athletes which is problematic for talent development programs and a potential tragedy for the athlete (Gustafsson, Kenttä, Hassmén, and Lundqvist 2007). In this chapter we will give an overview of the athlete burnout literature. This includes a critical stance towards our current knowledge and how future research can increase our understanding of athlete burnout. Finally, we aim to present examples of how theory can inform practice, and we will make suggestions for prevention and treatment in order to help talented athletes avoid burnout symptoms and more severe forms of training maladaptation.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Confusion and Potential Advances in Athlete Burnout Research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 123:3, s. 784-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 30 years of research on athlete burnout has yielded important insights and questions regarding the onset, nature, and consequences of this detrimental syndrome. Not surprisingly, burnout is considered an important matter, both from a research and practical standpoint. We comment on the work of Ryu, Ali, Kim, Choi, and Radlo, who examined the impact of burnout on cognitive performance among athletes.
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| 3. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout symptoms and recovery processes in eight elite soccer coaches over 10 years
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of sports science & coaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 14:4, s. 431-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elite sport can be stressful, which increases the risk for burnout symptoms to develop. Especially when not balanced with sufficient recovery. To study the burnout–recovery process, eight elite soccer coaches were followed for 10 years. All eight were active elite coaches at the inception of this study and reported elevated emotional exhaustion scores on Maslach’s Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The coaches completed MBI-ES three additional times (year 3, 7, and 10), and they were also interviewed on the same occasions. At the 3-year follow-up, seven of the eight coaches reduced their exhaustion scores. The coach presenting with unchanged scores both at the 3 - and 7-year follow-up was the only one still coaching at the elite level. All coaches revealed during the interviews that they struggled to manage their work–life balance well; some worked too many hours, some experienced difficulty in managing conflicting role-demands, and some wrestled with external pressures. Their approach to recovery was, however, similar. Apart from moving away from coaching at the elite level, they unanimously mentioned that they changed their approach to coaching to make recovery possible. They achieved the latter by, for example, increasing control and delegating responsibility. According to our longitudinal results, burnout frequently regarded as an end-state can decrease over time. Provided that decisive action is taken to change situational factors and personal demands. This frequently meant withdrawing from coaching, which in turn explains why coach retention remains a serious challenge for most organizations with teams/athletes competing at the elite level. © The Author(s) 2019.
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| 4. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Coach Burnout in Relation to Perfectionistic Cognitions and Self-Presentation
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coaching athletes is highly rewarding yet stressful, especially at the elite level wheremedia, fans, and sponsors can contribute to an environment that, if not well-managed by the coach,can lead to burnout. Coaches who display perfectionistic tendencies, such as striving for flawlessness,may be particularly vulnerable—even more so if they are overly critical of themselves and havea tendency to ruminate over their performance, or if they are attempting to convey an image offaultlessness, or both. A total of 272 coaches completed a battery of inventories assessing burnout,perfectionistic thoughts, and the tendency for perfectionistic self-presentation. All variables correlatedsignificantly: coaches with higher scores on exhaustion scored higher both on perfectionistic thoughtsand self-presentation. However, when three subscales of perfectionistic self-presentation wereconsidered separately, lower and nonsignificant correlations emerged. We believe that this can beexplained by the heterogeneous group of coaches participating in this study. Whereas all coaches mayat times ruminate privately—self-oriented perfectionism—about their perceived failure to performto expectations, not all may feel the pressure to present themselves to others as faultless—a moresocially prescribed perfectionism. This finding warrants further investigation, preferably comparingcoaches at dierent levels of public scrutiny.
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| 5. |
- Kalén, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Talent selection strategies and relationship with success in European basketball national team programs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited knowledge of the talent selection strategies used by national sporting organizations to identify and develop talented players in basketball. Therefore, we aimed to explore differences in selection strategies between European youth basketball national team programs, and how they relate to the program’s success. Specifically, we examined differences in the number of youth national team players and within-country variance in the 1988-1999 generations between 38 countries (n men = 38, women = 32). Further, we tested if the number of youth national team players and within-country variance was related to the national teams senior ranking, youth ranking, and youth-to-senior player promotion, using generalized Bayesian multilevel models. We further checked the moderating effect of the sport’s popularity in each country.On average, 15.6 ± 2.0 male and 12.4 ± 1.8 female players were selected per generation. Over a third of the national teams consistently selected a higher or lower number of players than the average, with a difference of 8.1 players (95% CI [5.8, 10.8]) for men and 7.6 players (95% CI [5.4, 10.0]) for women between the countries with the highest and lowest average. When licensed players were used as moderator, the differences decreased but did not disappear, in both genders. There was an above 99.2% probability that a higher number of players was positively related to higher men’s senior and youth rankings, and women’s youth ranking. Within countries, generations with a higher number of youth players generated more senior players, with a probability of 98.4% on the men’s, and 97.3% on the women’s side. When licensed players were used as moderator, the probabilities for these relationships remained largely unaffected, apart from women’s youth ranking, which sank to 80.5%.In conclusion, the selection strategy in basketball national team programs varies between European countries and selecting a higher number of players possibly relates to better long-term performance and more players promoted to the senior national teams. These findings show that talent development programs should make conscious decisions about their selection strategies as it can affect their success.
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| 6. |
- Kalén, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of initial selection age, relative age effect and country long-term performance on the re-selection process in European basketball youth national teams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - Oxon : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 39:4, s. 388-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were to: (a) analyse the re-selection patterns in European youth basketball national teams, and (b) investigate how the chance of re-selection is influenced by the initial selection age and relative age of the players, as well as the long-term performance of the country at the youth level. The sample consisted of 8362 basketball players (5038 men, 3324 women) born 1988-1997 who have participated in at least one U16, U18 or U20 European youth basketball championship between 2004 and 2017. The results from the survival analysis showed that around 75% of male and 80% of female players participating in a championship were re-selected the following year. Also, initial selection age, relative age effect, and the country long-term performance influenced the re-selection rates, with relationships being different between men and women. To conclude, the results of the present study show that the re-selection process by which players progress in European youth national basketball teams is complex and influenced by several different factors.
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| 7. |
- Kjellman, Erik, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av livscykelkostnader för vägmärken med fokus på reflexmaterial
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dagsläget är det okänt om de vägmärken med reflexfolie som finns på svenska vägar uppfyller gällande krav på funktion där god läs- och upptäckbarhet är målet. Det finns ingen inventering av vägmärken på statliga vägar och inget register för vilka vägmärken som har satts upp, när de satts upp och vilken kvalitet de har.Detta projekt syftar till att analysera livscykelkostnader för vägmärken på statliga vägar genom inventering av befintliga vägmärken på det statliga vägnätet. Livslängden bestäms av flera parametrar men framförallt av retroreflexionskrav enligt Trafikverkets dokument Standardbeskrivning för Basunderhåll Väg (SBV) och färgkrav enligt SS-EN 12899-1.Livslängden samlades in genom att i fält observera cirka 300 vägmärken. Vägmärkena valdes ut slumpmässigt i Trafikverkets regioner Väst och Mitt. Information om dessa vägmärken såsom tillverkningsår, hur mycket ljus de reflekterar, vilka färgkoordinater de har och vilken kompassriktning de stod i samlades in. Vägmärken med fem olika bottenfärger inventerades; vita (vägvisare till lokalt mål i tätort), blåa (vägvisare för allmän väg), röda (stopplikt), gröna (vägvisare till motorväg eller motortrafikled) och gula (vägvisare för enskild väg). Dessa tillhörde tre olika klasser; RA1, RA2 och RA3B. Klasserna skiljer sig åt vad gäller mängden ljus som reflekteras, där RA3B reflekterar mest. Kostnaderna för vägmärken, stolpe och fundament erhölls via telefonintervjuer med fem olika entreprenörer.
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| 8. |
- Kjellman, Erik, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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ROMA - State assessment of road markings in Denmark, Nor-way and Sweden : Results from 2018
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Assessments of the performance of road markings is carried out regularly to various degrees in the Nordic countries. The main aim of the Nordic road marking assessment study is to show possible differences in road marking performance between Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Possible differences between road marking performance, dependent on region, country, type of road and AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) are studied. Furthermore, a comparison between the TEN-T and the non-TEN-T road network is made. As 2018 is the second year of the project, a comparison between the results for 2017 and 2018 is also made. A Nordic certification system for road marking materials has recently been introduced in Norway and Denmark and will be introduced in Sweden 2019. This means that a documented product approval (i.e. certification) will be required for use of the material on roads managed by the national road authorities. The requirements are introduced successively as the existing contracts expire. Therefore, one aim is also to study the road marking quality before and under the introduction of the new certification requirements. Continuous assessments give the opportunity to react and adjust the requirements in the future, if the performance does not develop as expected. The study is based on physical mobile road assessment measurements carried out in Denmark, Norway and Sweden by Ramböll. In total 71 road objects were measured in Denmark, 124 in Norway and 434 in Sweden. The following variables were studied: retroreflectivity of dry and wet road markings, relative visibility of dry and wet road markings, relative pre-view-time (pvt) of dry and wet road markings and cover index.
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| 9. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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An interpretative phenomenological analysis of burnout and recovery in elite soccer coaches
- 2012
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Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 2159-676X .- 2159-6778. ; 4:3, s. 400-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the personal experience of burnout in elite coaches is sparse. We therefore studied subjective experiences associated with burnout in a group of elite soccer coaches; specifically how they describe perceived causes of burnout, symptoms and the subsequent recovery process. A qualitative approach was used, because our aim was to study the coaches ’ personal experiences of burnout. We conducted semi-structured interviews and used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyse the data. We interviewed eight Swedish elite soccer coaches who had previously reported high levels of burnout. We found two burnout profiles that matched the coaches’ perceived causes of burnout. The first was associated with problems in handling the performance culture itself and the second had to do with the overall situation, including workload, family and health. Our findings describe coach burnout as stemming from a combination of issues, related to both home and work. When combined with work overload, coaches who have problems handling the performance culture in elite sports, and who lack the tools to enhance recovery, are particularly vulnerable to burnout.
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| 10. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Commentary: Early Risk Detection of Burnout
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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