| 1. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Levelling the playing field: Could entrepreneurship education compensate the lack of entrepreneurial pedigree and prior experience?
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Questions we care about: In the last four decades, the importance of entrepreneurship education for societal renewal has seen a dramatic rise. Policy arguments state that to spur economic development, a more entrepreneurially oriented workforce is needed. To increase our understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how entrepreneurship education, in the form of venture creation programs (VCPs), mitigate or surpass a lack of entrepreneurial career antecedents, such as entrepreneurial pedigree or prior entrepreneurial experience. We ask: What role do VCPs play in the subsequent career choice of graduates regarding career impact relative to prior entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial pedigree? Approach: This paper investigates the role of VCPs, entrepreneurial pedigree, and prior entrepreneurial experience regarding early career choice. A broad perspective of entrepreneurial career is considered, across four occupational forms: self-employed, entrepreneurial employment (intrapreneur), hybrid (self-employed and employed in parallel), and conventional employment. To investigate career choice, data from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe was collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation, and graduates’ own perception of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1326 graduates (total graduate population = 1568) and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate). Results: The educational context of VCPs, whether Ind-VCP or Corp-VCP, mitigated prior entrepreneurial experience. Although prior entrepreneurial experience interacted with Ind-VCP in making a career as self-employed more likely, this was not the case for Corp-VCP, in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers. Implications: Entrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates towards future entrepreneurial careers. For some, a VCP is the first entrepreneurial experience, while others are building existing entrepreneurial experiences. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates lacking prior entrepreneurial experience instead develop entrepreneurial competencies (knowledge, skills, and judgmental abilities) through the program, which prepares them to engage in subsequent entrepreneurial careers. For policy and practice, entrepreneurship education can level the playing field for students aspiring to an entrepreneurial career but lacking prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree. This is an important insight when considering the need to spur innovativeness among businesses transitioning towards sustainable futures and/or recouping from the economic downturns created and perpetuated by the pandemic. Our evidence illustrates that action-based, contextualized education in entrepreneurship creates graduates that engage either as self-employed or as change agents (working with initiating and developing new opportunities) in established businesses. Value/Originality: This study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can level the playing field for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers but lacking prior entrepreneurial experience or an entrepreneurial pedigree.
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| 2. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure through entrepreneurship education programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. - 1355-2554. ; 30:11, s. 19-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose : To increase the understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the role that a venture creation program (VCP) might have in mitigating or surpassing a lack of other antecedents of entrepreneurial careers. In particular, the authors focus on entrepreneurial pedigree and prior entrepreneurial experience. Design/methodology/approach : Data from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe were collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation and graduates' own perceptions of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1,326 graduates and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate). Findings : The type of VCP, either independent (Ind-VCP) or corporate venture creation (Corp-VCP), influenced the mitigation of prior entrepreneurial experience. Prior entrepreneurial experience, together with Ind-VCP, made a career as self-employed more likely. However, this was not the case for Corp-VCP in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers. Research limitations/implications : Entrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates toward future entrepreneurial careers. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates who lack prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree can develop sufficient entrepreneurial competencies through the program. Originality/value : This study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can compensate for a lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers.
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| 3. |
- Agoge, Marine, et al.
(författare)
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Mindful deviation through combining causation and effectuation: a design theory-based study of technology entrepreneurship
- 2015
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 24:4, s. 629-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology entrepreneurship can be seen as building upon while also deviating from technological paths. Such deviation has primarily been described as singular events where individuals with prior knowledge discover a new opportunity. In this article, we will instead study deviation as a process of collective decision making, seen more as something mindful than singular. The purpose is to explore mindful deviation as decision-making by nascent technology entrepreneurs as they conceptualize an early platform technology. Based on case assignments undertaken by 13 teams in a venture creation program, C-K design theory is used to trace how nascent technology entrepreneurs in action combine causal and effectual decision-making logics. Individually answered questionnaires also offered insights on how the entrepreneurs perceived their decision-making in hindsight. The findings break with our received wisdom around how opportunities are recognized as well as how effectual and causal logics occur. As a result, mindful deviation through combinations of effectual and causal logic is suggested as a means to understand early-stage technology entrepreneurship.
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| 4. |
- Agogúe, Marine, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Design Theory to Entrepreneurs: An Effectual Use of Design
- 2014
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Ingår i: 7th SIG Design Theory Conference, January 27-28, Paris, France. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To date, there is very little documented evidence around entrepreneurs applying design theory into their creation of new product and ventures. This is remarkable given the wide-spread view that many entrepreneurs are innovative designers of new products, services and ventures. One explanation to this lack of understanding is that both entrepreneurship and design thinking has been biased towards a more predictive and causal logic, missing out on more generative and effectual aspects of entrepreneurial behaviour. This study is a first attempt to study how entrepreneurship students behave and reflect when introduced to a design theory – C-K theory – that stands out in enabling both the generation of new concept and knowledge as well as ways to also converge upon preferred concepts. C-K theory is thus not biased towards either causation or effectuation and thus offers a tool for studying entrepreneurial behaviours as well as entrepreneurial perceptions. The results show that, in the application of C-K theory principles, the entrepreneurs illustrate use of effectual logic, allowing for expansive and robust mapping of different pathways. However, in their own interpretation of the use of C-K theory, they interpret their applied logic in a more causal frame, associating the path development to an initially set goal. This indicates that effectual capabilities are developed in action, whereas such behaviours end up being interpreted in more causal terms when reflected upon in hindsight. Conclusions are drawn around how C-K design theory can be used and further explored in entrepreneurship education. Furthermore, design theory is also argued to offer improved study of entrepreneurial behaviour and identity.
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| 5. |
- Alsos, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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Graduates of venture creation programs - where do they apply their entrepreneurial competencies?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0913 .- 0921-898X. ; 60:1, s. 133-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of entrepreneurship education outcomes should move beyond a focus on firm creation and associated economic impact to consider a more nuanced view that pays attention to graduates and their entrepreneurial competencies. There is currently limited understanding to what extent entrepreneurial competencies developed through entrepreneurship education are applied in graduates' subsequent careers across various occupational roles, either as employees or as self-employed. Our analysis is based on a survey administered to 556 graduates from three Nordic master-level entrepreneurship education programs (1997-2018), all identified as venture creation programs. We find that, to a large extent, entrepreneurial competencies developed through venture creation programs are applied in subsequent careers across multiple occupational roles encompassing self-employment, hybrid entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is relevant not only to new firm creation but also to entrepreneurial positions in established organizations when it comes to graduates' application of entrepreneurial competencies in subsequent careers. Plain English Summary Entrepreneurial competencies developed through entrepreneurship education are applicable to careers other than "start-up entrepreneur." This article examines graduates from three entrepreneurship education programs in Northern Europe where students experienced venture creation as part of the education. Graduates report the extent to which they apply entrepreneurial competencies (AECs) in their subsequent career. The most common career among graduates is self-employed entrepreneur, closely followed by a career as intrapreneur, where graduates apply their entrepreneurial competencies in established organizations. A smaller group of graduates have careers as hybrid entrepreneurs, where they combine paid employment with self-employment. A minority group of graduates have more conventional careers as full-time employees in established companies, where entrepreneurial tasks are not their main activities. The results indicate that venture creation programs provide fertile ground for graduates to engage in a broad spectrum of entrepreneurial careers. From the analysis, we found that a career as an intrapreneur is more similar to a self-employed entrepreneur than to a conventional employee. An implication for entrepreneurship education is that real-life educational experience through venture creation is applicable to entrepreneurial careers beyond start-ups. Additionally, the study provides a first attempt to connect entrepreneurial competencies developed through education with how such competencies are manifested in graduates' subsequent careers, motivating a discursive shift in how policies could spur a more entrepreneurial society that goes beyond a narrow start-up perspective.
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| 6. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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ISO 9000: Erfarenheter från certifierade företag
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Idag har många svenska företag fått ISO 9000-certifikat genom tredjeparts bedömning, antingen via SIS, Norsk Veritas, Lloyd's eller British Standard Institute. De flesta företagen har antingen certifierats enligt ISO 9001 eller ISO 9002. I september 1992 hade 34 företag certifierats genom Norsk Veritas och det fanns 72 certifierade företag på SIS lista.Det finns dock många olika synpunkter angående värdet av en certifiering. Vissa anser att den är grundläggande för ett gott kvalitetsarbete och andra anser att det verkar vara en krånglig pappersexercis utan större inverkan på kvalitetsresultatet. Juran väckte en del uppståndelse och eftertanke när han 1989 sa "Se gärna till att uppfylla ISO 9000 men låt det inte störa kvalitetsarbetet".Denna rapport baseras på en undersökning för att ta reda på hur det verkligen förhåller sig i svenska företag. Den är utförd av teknologer som deltagit i en kurs i "Industriell kvalitetsteknik" vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Var och en av teknologerna har haft som uppgift att ta kontakt med ett svenskt företag som certifierats enligt ISO 9001 eller ISO 9002. Uppgiften gällde att undersöka vilka positiva och negativa erfarenheter de certifierade företagen har av certifieringsprocessen och vilka resultat de uppnått internt och externt på grund av ISO 9000.Teknologerna delades in i grupper om 5-7 personer där var och en ringde ett företag under november-december 1992. Därefter sammanställde varje grupp en liten rapport baserad på 5-7 intervjuer. De analyserade de viktigaste positiva och negativa synpunkterna från dessa intervjuer. De undersökte om det fanns något gemensamt i svaren, eller om företagen hade olika erfarenheter och då försökte de komma fram till vad detta kunde bero på.Genom den egna direkta kontakten med ett företag och den gruppvisa diskussionen och författandet av en rapport har teknologerna kunna skaffa sig egna kunskaper om ISO 9000. I storgrupp presenterade därefter de olika smågrupperna sina rapporter och diskuterade resultaten. Baserat på denna diskussion, smågruppsrapporterna och ifyllda intervjuformulär har därefter tre teknologer sammanställt resultatet till föreliggande rapport.
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| 7. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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PROJECT OPEN ARENAS - The evolution of the Lindholmen and Innovatum ‘"arenas’" and their role for innovation in vehicle technology
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The the Lindholmen and Innovatum "arenas" in Göteborg and Trollhättan were planted on the soil of former industrial giants as shipbuilding industry in Göteborg and heavy manufacturing industries in Trollhättan in Region Västra Götaland. This study describes the evolution these "arenas" and their role and function for innovation and economic renewal in Swedish automotive industry. The case study has two purposes: First, to tell the story of two such public-private mobilisations in a regional Swedish and global context, and second, to discuss the broader policy implications of this on-going restructuring towards "glocal innovation". The case takes its starting point from a historical perspective following the development of arenas and local mobilization over a period of time including the recent intermezzo in 2004 of the multinational car manufacturer "General Motors" causing one of the larger Swedish innovation policy interventions in decades. The case is analysed with respect to seven issues: The question of how historical processes intervene in current initiatives; The role of systemic features of technology and how this in turn create a need for system innovation; The increasing role of the local-global("glocal") dimension in innovation processes and what this may mean for actors at a national level; The role of Arenas(and "arenas", which was our more encompassing term) as a new and emerging nexus for public-private partnership; The function of arenas in this respect to provide a structure for innovation processes; The role of these emerging structures, in the form of two Arenas, to develop different characteristics due to adaptation to local circumstances; And finally, we note that the work to establish arenas have created a local/regional preparedness to influence and to take a proactive role for innovation.
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| 8. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability through business development of early stages ideas: experiences from an action based pedagogy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of EESD 10 International Conference on Engineering Education in Sustainability, Sept. 19-22, Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is about an action-based pedagogic approach for developing more sustainable businesses for engineers. The paper reports from experiences gained through three versions of a course in Idea evaluation, where ideas from the Gothenburg innovation system have been used as real cases for the students to initiate sustainable business planning. The three years of development in 2010 resulted in an anthology “Sustainable Business Development” written by Chalmers researchers and alumni. The book fills a gap in the literature.
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| 9. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of physical activity on prescription for children with obesity in paediatric health care (IMPA): protocol for a feasibility and evaluation study using quantitative and qualitative methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical inactivity is a main cause of childhood obesity which tracks into adulthood obesity, making it important to address early in life. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based intervention that has shown good effect on physical activity levels in adults, but has not been evaluated in children with obesity. This project aims to evaluate the prerequisites, determinants, and feasibility of implementing PAP adapted to children with obesity and to explore children's, parents', and healthcare providers' experiences of PAP. Methods: In the first phase of the project, healthcare providers and managers from 26 paediatric clinics in Region Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, will be invited to participate in a web-based survey and a subset of this sample for a focus group study. Findings from these two data collections will form the basis for adaptation of PAP to the target group and context. In a second phase, this adapted PAP intervention will be evaluated in a clinical study in a sample of approximately 60 children with obesity (ISO-BMI > 30) between 6 and 12 years of age and one of their parents/legal guardians. Implementation process and clinical outcomes will be assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 8 and 12 months' follow-up. Implementation outcomes are the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory; coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring; and appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility of the PAP intervention. Additional implementation process outcomes are recruitment and attrition rates, intervention fidelity, dose, and adherence. Clinical outcomes are physical activity pattern, BMI, metabolic risk factors, health-related quality of life, sleep, and self-efficacy and motivation for physical activity. Lastly, we will explore the perspectives of children and parents in semi-structured interviews. Design and analysis of the included studies are guided by the Normalization Process Theory. Discussion: This project will provide new knowledge regarding the feasibility of PAP for children with obesity and about whether and how an evidence-based intervention can be fitted and adapted to new contexts and populations. The results may inform a larger scale trial and future implementation and may enhance the role of PAP in the management of obesity in paediatric health care in Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Börjesson, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Aerob fysisk aktivitet sänker blodtrycket vid hypertoni.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Physical inactivity plays a role in the development of (essential) hypertension. Increased physical activity may decrease the blood pressure in hypertensive individuals with 12/5 mm Hg (evidence grade +++ according to GRADE). A moderate/vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, at least 3 x 40-60 minutes/week, for 8 weeks, has the strongest evidence (evidence grade +++). Isometric (static) training may also decrease the blood pressure significantly (evidence grade ++).
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