| 1. |
- Pippione, Agnese C., et al.
(författare)
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4-Hydroxy-N -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,5-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide: A novel inhibitor of the canonical NF-κB cascade
- 2017
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Ingår i: MedChemComm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-2503 .- 2040-2511. ; 8:9, s. 1850-1855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NF-κB signaling pathway is a validated oncological target. Here, we applied scaffold hopping to IMD-0354, a presumed IKKβ inhibitor, and identified 4-hydroxy-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,5-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide (4) as a nM-inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. However, both 4 and IMD-0354, being potent inhibitors of the canonical NF-κB pathway, were found to be inactive in human IKKβ enzyme assays.
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| 2. |
- Sainas, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray structural studies of potent human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors based on hydroxylated azole scaffolds
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 129, s. 287-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new generation of potent hDHODH inhibitors designed by a scaffold-hopping replacement of the quinolinecarboxylate moiety of brequinar, one of the most potent known hDHODH inhibitors, is presented here. Their general structure is characterized by a biphenyl moiety joined through an amide bridge with an acidic hydroxyazole scaffold (hydroxylated thiadiazole, pyrazole and triazole). Molecular modelling suggested that these structures should adopt a brequinar-like binding mode involving interactions with subsites 1, 2 and 4 of the hDHODH binding site. Initially, the inhibitory activity of the compounds was studied on recombinant hDHODH. The most potent compound of the series in the enzymatic assays was the thiadiazole analogue 4 (IC5016 nM). The activity was found to be dependent on the fluoro substitution pattern at the biphenyl moiety as well as on the choice/substitution of the heterocyclic ring. Structure determination of hDHODH co-crystallized with one representative compound from each series (4, 5 and 6) confirmed the brequinar-like binding mode as suggested by modelling. The specificity of the observed effects of the compound series was tested in cell-based assays for antiproliferation activity using Jurkat cells and PHA-stimulated PBMC. These tests were also verified by addition of exogenous uridine to the culture medium. In particular, the triazole analogue 6 (IC50against hDHODH: 45 nM) exerted potent in vitro antiproliferative and immunosuppressive activity without affecting cell survival.
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| 3. |
- Sainas, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting myeloid differentiation using potent 2-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffold-based human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitors.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of medicinal chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4804 .- 0022-2623. ; 61:14, s. 6034-6055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate. hDHODH has recently been found to be associated with acute myelogenous leukemia, a disease for which the standard of intensive care has not changed over decades. This work presents a novel class of hDHODH inhibitors, which are based on an unusual carboxylic group bioisostere 2-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, that has been designed starting from brequinar, one of the most potent hDHODH inhibitors. A combination of structure-based and ligand-based strategies produced compound 4, which shows brequinar-like hDHODH potency in vitro and is superior in terms of cytotoxicity and immunosuppression. Compound 4 also restores myeloid differentiation in leukemia cell lines at concentrations that are one log digit lower than those achieved in experiments with brequinar. This paper reports the design, synthesis, SAR, X-ray crystallography, biological assays and physicochemical characterization of the new class of hDHODH inhibitors.
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