| 1. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017 : Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods. Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results. In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions. The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bloomfield, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Alcohol-Related Problems After Alcohol Policy Changes in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - New Jersey : Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. - 1937-1888. ; 71:1, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: European Union travelers' allowances for alcohol import to Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were abolished in 2004. In addition, excise taxes on alcohol were lowered in 2003 and 2005 in Denmark, and in 2004 in Finland. Using northern Sweden as a control site, this study examines whether levels of reported alcohol problems have changed in Denmark, Finland, and southern Sweden as a consequence of these policy changes. Method: Annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden from 2003 to 2006. Five dependency items and seven extrinsic alcohol-related problems were examined. Changes were analyzed within each country/region with logistic regressions and tested for short- and long-term changes. Differential change was also tested between each country and the control site, northern Sweden. Results: Prevalence of alcohol problems decreased over the study period. Only in selected subgroups did problems increase. This mainly occurred in the samples for northern Sweden and Finland, and mostly among older age groups and men. In relation to the control site, however, no increases in problem prevalence were found. Conclusions: Our findings on a decline in reported alcohol problems largely agree with published reports on alcohol consumption over the same period in the study countries. They do not agree, however, with findings on changes in health and social statistics in Finland and Denmark, where some significant increases in alcohol-related harm have been found.
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| 4. |
- Härkönen, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Finnish drinking occasions between 1976 and 2008 – The waxing and waning of drinking contexts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 21:4, s. 318-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A deeper understanding of drinking practices of a population requires a study of the situations in which people drink, i.e. the context of drinking. This study explores the changes and continuities in the prevalence and nature of drinking in terms of place, company, time and the social drinking context, during a period when overall alcohol consumption in Finland grew by half and drinking culture at large was transformed radically. Analyses were based on two national drinking habits surveys with a representative sample of the Finnish population aged 15–69 years in 1976 (N = 2835) and 2008 (N = 2725). In addition, original semi-qualitative data in 2008 were utilized, using a 15-category social drinking context typology, with the results contrasted to previously reported results from 1976. Overall, the number of drinking occasions increased between 1976 and 2008. A major part of the increase comprised drinking in home settings and with one's partner. The weekly rhythm of drinking was also concentrated on weekends even more than before. Changes in the nature of drinking showed that the typical degree of intoxication decreased for men and increased for women. The proportion of heavy drinking occasions decreased for men especially in home settings and for women, remained the same across drinking contexts except for single gender contexts. Changes in social drinking contexts reflected an overall shifting of drinking into the private sphere, with a major increase in the proportion of evenings at home and sauna drinking.
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| 5. |
- Kilian, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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A new perspective on European drinking cultures : a model-based approach to determine variations in drinking practices among 19 European countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:8, s. 2016-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims In recent decades, alcohol drinking in the European Union has been characterized by increasing homogenization of levels of drinking coupled with an overall decrease. This study examined whether we can still distinguish distinct practices of drinking by addressing two research questions: (1) are drinking practices still characterized by the choice of a certain alcoholic beverage; and (2) how do drinking practices vary across countries?Design Cross-sectional study: latent-class analyses of drinking variables and fractional response regression analyses of individual characteristics for individual-level class endorsement probabilities, respectively.Setting Nineteen European countries and one autonomous community.Participants A total of 27 170 past-year drinkers aged 18-65 years in 2015.Measurements Data were collected through the Standardized European Alcohol Survey included frequency of past-year drinking, pure alcohol intake per drink day, occurrence of monthly risky single-occasion drinking and preferred beverage, together with socio-demographic data.Findings Three latent classes were identified: (1) light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking [prevalence: 68.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 66.7-69.3], (2) infrequent heavy drinking (prevalence: 12.6%, 95% CI = 11.5-13.7) and (3) regular drinking with at least monthly risky single-occasion drinking (prevalence: 19.4%, 95% CI = 18.1-20.9). Drinking classes differed considerably in beverage preference, with women reporting a generally higher share of wine and men of beer drinking. Light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking was the predominant drinking practice in all locations except for Lithuania, where infrequent heavy drinking (class 2) was equally popular. Socio-demographic factors and individual alcohol harm experiences (rapid alcohol on-line screen) explained up to 20.5% of the variability in class endorsement.Conclusions Beverage preference appears to remain a decisive indicator for distinguishing Europeans' drinking practices. In most European countries, multiple drinking practices appear to be present.
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| 6. |
- Mackenbach, Johan P, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in Alcohol-Related Mortality in 17 European Countries : A Retrospective Analysis of Mortality Registers.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in several European countries, but it is unknown whether the magnitude of these inequalities differs between countries and whether these inequalities increase or decrease over time.METHODS AND FINDINGS: We collected and harmonized data on mortality from four alcohol-related causes (alcoholic psychosis, dependence, and abuse; alcoholic cardiomyopathy; alcoholic liver cirrhosis; and accidental poisoning by alcohol) by age, sex, education level, and occupational class in 20 European populations from 17 different countries, both for a recent period and for previous points in time, using data from mortality registers. Mortality was age-standardized using the European Standard Population, and measures for both relative and absolute inequality between low and high socioeconomic groups (as measured by educational level and occupational class) were calculated. Rates of alcohol-related mortality are higher in lower educational and occupational groups in all countries. Both relative and absolute inequalities are largest in Eastern Europe, and Finland and Denmark also have very large absolute inequalities in alcohol-related mortality. For example, for educational inequality among Finnish men, the relative index of inequality is 3.6 (95% CI 3.3-4.0) and the slope index of inequality is 112.5 (95% CI 106.2-118.8) deaths per 100,000 person-years. Over time, the relative inequality in alcohol-related mortality has increased in many countries, but the main change is a strong rise of absolute inequality in several countries in Eastern Europe (Hungary, Lithuania, Estonia) and Northern Europe (Finland, Denmark) because of a rapid rise in alcohol-related mortality in lower socioeconomic groups. In some of these countries, alcohol-related causes now account for 10% or more of the socioeconomic inequality in total mortality. Because our study relies on routinely collected underlying causes of death, it is likely that our results underestimate the true extent of the problem.CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol-related conditions play an important role in generating inequalities in total mortality in many European countries. Countering increases in alcohol-related mortality in lower socioeconomic groups is essential for reducing inequalities in mortality. Studies of why such increases have not occurred in countries like France, Switzerland, Spain, and Italy can help in developing evidence-based policies in other European countries.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Mäkelä, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in volume of drinking after changes in alcohol taxes and travellers’ allowances: : results from a panel study
- 2007
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims The aim of this paper is to study short-term changes in alcohol consumption by subgroups of the population in Denmark, Finland and southern Sweden following large-scale decreases in alcohol taxation in Denmark and Finland and large increases in travellers' allowances in Finland and Sweden. Design General population random samples surveyed before and after the changes, using northern Sweden as a control site. Setting Denmark, Finland, southern Sweden and northern Sweden. Participants Respondents aged 16-69 years. Measurements Volume of drinking is the main measure reported. Changes are examined by gender, age, income and year 2003 consumption level. Results Consumption decreased or remained the same among women and men in all three study sites. Relative changes were similar across subgroups of age, gender and income in all countries. In absolute terms, there was a consistent differential change by age in Denmark, Finland and Southern Sweden, with the higher level of the young and lower level of the old converging. Women's and men's consumption converged in Finland and southern Sweden. The changes did not differ systematically by income. Changes were not larger among heavier drinkers. Conclusions The results did not confirm expectations: an increase in consumption larger than that in the control site could not be shown in any of the countries or subgroups of the population. If there has been an effect - as shown in aggregate data in Finland - it seems to have been stronger among the old than the young and, in Finland and southern Sweden, among women rather than men.
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| 9. |
- Mäkelä, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in volume of drinking after changes in alcohol taxes and travellers' allowances : results from a panel study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140. ; 103:2, s. 181-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The Aim of this paper is to study short-term changes in alcohol consumption by subgroups of the population in Denmark. Finland and southern Sweden following large-scale decreases in alcohol taxation in Denmark and Finland and large increases in travellers' allowances in Finland and Sweden. Design General population random samples surveyed before and after the changes, using northern Sweden as a control site. Setting Denmark, Finland, southern Sweden and northern Sweden. Participants Respondents aged 16-69 years. Measurements Volume of drinking is the main measure reported. Changes are examined by gender, age, income and year 2003 consumption level. Results Consumption decreased or remained the same among women and men in all three study sites. Relative changes were similar across subgroups of age, gender and income in all countries. In absolute terms, there was a consistent differential change by age in Denmark, Finland and southern Sweden, with the higher level of the young and lower level of the old converging. Women's and men's consumption converged in Finland and southern Sweden. The changes did not differ systematically by income. Changes were not larger among heavier drinkers. Conclusions The results did not confirm expectations: an increase in consumption larger than that in the control site could not be shown in any of the countries or subgroups of the population. If there has been an effect - as shown in aggregate data in Finland - it seems to have been stronger among the old than the young and, in Finland and southern Sweden, among women rather than men.
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