| 1. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive control in children's time monitoring
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0020-7594 .- 1464-066X. ; 39:5-6, s. 206-207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined school-aged children's time monitoring in relation to individual differences in executive control functions. The present study involved an individual-difference approach with three latent executive functions - mental shifting, information updating and monitoring, and inhibition of prepotent responses. Children between 8 to 12 years completed a series of experimental tasks that were assumed to tap each target executive function as well as a parallel task of time monitoring. The findings are discussed in relation to the unity and diversity of executive functions and their contribution to children's time monitoring.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of time and executive functioning in children and adults
- 2008
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Ingår i: Child Neuropsychology. - : Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group. - 0929-7049 .- 1744-4136. ; 14:4, s. 372-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of patient studies suggest that impairments in frontal lobe functions are associated with disorders in temporal information processing. One implication of these findings is that subjective experience of time should be related to executive functions regardless of etiology. In two experiments, we examined sense of time in relation to components of executive functioning in healthy children and adults. In Experiment 1, children between 8 to 12 years completed six experimental tasks that tapped three components of executive functioning: inhibition, updating, and mental shifting. Sense of time was examined in a duration judgment task in which participants reproduced stimulus durations between 4 to 32 s. In Experiment 2, adult participants completed the time reproduction task under varying concurrent task demands. Both experiments showed selective effects in that time reproduction errors were related to the inhibition and updating, but not to the shifting, components of executive functioning. However, the observed effects were modulated by task demands and age-related differences in cognitive competence. We conclude that individual differences in executive functioning are only weakly related to time reproduction performance in healthy children and adults.
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| 4. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Aging, memory, and decision making
- 2015
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Ingår i: Aging and decision making. - : Elsevier. - 9780124171558 - 9780124171480 ; , s. 127-148
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging differentially affects diverse aspects of memory functioning. In turn, memory changes have specific effects on different judgment and decision-making tasks. This chapter focuses on the consequences of age-related changes in memory processes-including working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and implicit memory-and how these changes affect performance on judgment and decision-making tasks. A review of relevant research shows how the decline in working memory negatively affects performance on the more cognitively demanding decision-making tasks. It also shows that working memory plays a central role in explaining the age-related decline in decision making. Moreover, the review illustrates how different memory processes, showing distinct age-related trajectories, may functionally support performance on different kinds of judgment and decision-making tasks. Finally, the chapter discusses how age-related memory changes may interact with other cognitive and noncognitive changes in shaping decision-making behavior.
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| 5. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Blocked vs. interleaved presentation and proactive interference in episodic memory
- 2018
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 26:5, s. 697-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a number of theoretical accounts of proactive interference (PI) in episodic memory have been proposed, existing empirical evidence does not support conclusively a single view yet. In two experiments we tested the predictions of the temporal discrimination theory of PI against alternative accounts by manipulating the presentation schedule of study materials (lists blocked by category vs. interleaved). In line with the temporal discrimination theory, we observed a clear buildup of (and release from) PI in the blocked condition, in which all the lists of the same category were presented sequentially. In the interleaved condition, with alternating lists of different categories, a more gradual and smoother buildup of PI was observed. When participants were left free to choose their presentation schedule, they spontaneously adopted an interleaved schedule, resulting again in more gradual PI. After longer delays, we observed recency effects at the list level in overall recall and, in the blocked condition, PI-related effects. The overall pattern of findings agrees with the predictions of the temporal discrimination theory of PI, complemented with categorical processing of list items, but not with alternative accounts, shedding light on the dynamics and underpinnings of PI under diverse presentation schedules and over different time scales.
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| 6. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-making Competence, Executive Functioning, and General Cognitive Abilities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. - : Wiley. - 0894-3257 .- 1099-0771. ; 25:4, s. 331-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous studies investigated the relationship between general cognitive abilities and decision making, few have characterized specific cognitive abilities underlying decision-making competence. In this paper, we focus on executive functionscontrol processes involved in the regulation of cognition. Specifically, we report on an individual-differences study that investigated the relationship of executive functioning (EF) and general cognitive abilities (fluid intelligence and numeracy) with different aspects of decision-making competence. Individual differences in EF components explained aspects of decision-making competence even after controlling for fluid intelligence and numeracy. However, different aspects of decision-making competence varied in the extent to which they relied on different executive functions. In particular, resistance to framing effects, the ability to apply decision rules, and successful engagement in cognitive reflection partially depend on individual differences on the monitoring/inhibition dimension of EF. The ability to provide consistent judgments in risk perception is related to the shifting aspect of EF. The ability to recognize social norms and resistance to sunk costs were not significantly related to EF, thus supporting the idea that executive control is not a major determinant of these aspects of decision-making competence. Finally, substantial variance in some of the decision-making tasks remained unexplained, suggesting that other cognitive or non-cognitive abilities need to be considered in future studies.
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| 7. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-Making Competence in Older Adults : A Rosy View From a Longitudinal Investigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 35:4, s. 553-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-sectional studies have suggested age-related differences in decision-making competence, but these differences may also reflect cohort-related effects. We present a longitudinal study of age-related changes over 5 years in older adults (aged 60-85) for 3 important aspects of decision-making competence: resistance to framing, applying decision rules, and resistance to sunk costs. The findings show small age-related longitudinal declines in resistance to framing but no decline in applying decision rules or resistance to sunk costs. The results also indicate that individuals' decision-making competence after 5 years is significantly related to their initial decision-making competence assessment and that the contribution of crystallized abilities to decision making in older adults is greater than previously thought.
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| 8. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Executive functions in decision making : An individual differences approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thinking and Reasoning. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1354-6783 .- 1464-0708. ; 16:2, s. 69-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This individual differences study examined the relationships between three executive functions (updating, shifting, and inhibition), measured as latent variables, and performance on two cognitively demanding subtests of the Adult Decision Making Competence battery: Applying Decision Rules and Consistency in Risk Perception. Structural equation m delling showed that executive functions contribute differentially to performance in these two tasks, with Applying Decision Rules being mainly related to inhibition and Consistency in Risk Perception mainly associated to shifting. The results suggest that the successful application of decision rules requires the capacity to selectively focus attention and inhibit irrelevant (or no more relevant) stimuli. They also suggest that consistency in risk perception depends on the ability to shift between judgement contexts.
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| 9. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Intention Framing in Time-Based Prospective Memory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0278-7393 .- 1939-1285. ; 47:8, s. 1226-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on prospective memory has paid no attention to the way in which the intentions to be remembered are framed. In two studies on time-based prospective memory, participants had to remember multiple delayed intentions framed as time rules (i.e., respond every 7 min, every 10 min) or as a series of corresponding instances (i.e., respond at Times 7, 10, 14, 20, 21, 28, 30, etc.). We appraised the effects of intention framing on intention learning, intention representation, strategies used to set the upcoming intention, cognitive load (monitoring cost), and prospective memory performance. Study 1 involved three time rules and corresponding instances. The results showed that time rules are learned faster than corresponding instances and that intention frames shaped the way intentions were mentally represented. Furthermore, the rule frame was associated with a more cognitively demanding incremental planning strategy to establish the upcoming intention, whereas the instance frame promoted the serial recall of intentions. Study 2 replicated the results on representations and strategies with four time rules and corresponding sets of instances, and it showed better prospective memory performance following the instance frame than rule frame. Together, these studies show that two alternative ways of framing multiple delayed intentions in the same prospective memory task induce significant differences in the way intentions are represented, in the cognitive strategies used to set the upcoming intention, and in performance. Theoretical and applied implications of the results for the prospective memory field are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Del Missier, F, et al.
(författare)
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Memoria, attenzione e decisione
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psicologia del giudizio e della decisione. - Bologna : Socièta editrice il Mulino. - 9788815126009 ; , s. 118-138
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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