| 1. |
- Brihmer, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus lymecyline in the treatment of genital chlamydial infections in women
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 28:5, s. 451-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of azithromycin in curing chlamydial infections in women with that of lymecycline, and with a view of the possibility of minimizing the problem of compliance by means of single-dose administration, 146 women with culture-positive Chlamydia trachomatis infections were randomly assigned to treatment with a 1 g bolus dose of azithromycin or a 10-day course of lymecycline 300 mg twice daily. Clinical and microbiological evaluations were performed and adverse effects monitored at check-ups after 15-35 and 40-65 days. Of the 146 patients enrolled in the study, 120 were evaluable. At the second check-up, C. trachomatis was found to have been eradicated in all patients in both treatment groups. Of the 51 patients who had clinical signs and symptoms of genital infection at enrolment, 96% (22/23) of those in the azithromycin group were considered cured (n = 18) or improved (n = 4), as compared with 100% (28/28) of those considered cured (n = 22) or improved (n = 6) in the lymecycline group. Adverse events related, or possibly related, to treatment were reported by 16 (21.6%) of the lymecycline group, but by only 6 (8.3%) of the azithromycin group. The 2 drugs were comparable with regard to microbiological and clinical efficacy in the treatment of genital chlamydial infection in women. The markedly lower rate of side-effects associated with azithromycin may be a feature conducive to patient compliance.
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| 2. |
- Chaplinskas, Saulius, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Vilnius street prostitutes
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 12:3, s. 176-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women prostituting in Vilnius City, Lithuania, were studied with regard to their socioeconomic background, drug and alcohol abuse, conditions for prostituting and for the carrier rate of sexually transmitted infectious agents. The 73 women studied represented a group of low-socioeconomic prostitutes with a great age span, i.e. 14-52 years. Forty-five per cent had one or more children. Roughly one-third were part-time prostitutes. Some had been trafficking for more than one decade. Some started trafficking at the age of 13, while the other extreme was a woman who began to prostitute at 51 years of age. This group of Vilnius street walkers had few customers per day. Eighteen were intravenous drug users and almost all abused alcohol. All, but one, had one or more sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Syphilis was diagnosed in 8 (13%) and another 10 (16%) had a serological scar of such an infection. HIV infections were not diagnosed. Condoms were not consistently used during their social contacts.
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| 3. |
- Elgaali, M, et al.
(författare)
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Female genital mutilation - an exported medical hazard
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 10:2, s. 93-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Female circumcision (FC) has remained a common practice in the countries where it has traditionally been performed. Following increased global mobility, it has also become a common medical issue in the predominantly non-Islamic countries where an increasing number of immigrants from regions where FC is still traditional, have settled. Objectives To investigate types of FC found in a group of immigrants from northern Africa with a current domicile in Scandinavia. To characterize these women with regard to education, socio-economic status and experienced complications and sequelae. To report attitudes to FC among the women and their husbands. Methods An autoquestionnaire was distributed to 220 immigrant women (16-42 years old), who belonged to an African community in Scandinavia and who had an been circumcised. Information was also gathered concerning 76 of their daughters (aged 1-13 years). Of the women's husbands, 95 were asked about their attitudes to FC. Results Of the 140 women, who had been circumcised in their home country before they migrated, 78 (35%) had been clitoridectomized, 38 (17%) had been subjected to genital excision and 24 (11%) to infibulation. The corresponding percentages in the remaining women, who had had FC when returning home for a visit, were 0%, 14% and 22%, respectively. Of the daughters, 15 (19%) had been circumcised whilst living in Scandinavia; all had been clitoridectornized. Twenty-eight (13%) women reported having experienced late complications or post-FC sequelae. A positive attitude to stopping the tradition of FC was reported twice as often by the husbands (69%) as by the circumcised women (35%). Religion (95% of the responders were Muslims and 5% Christians), cultural tradition, and increased chance of marriage or of continued health were the reasons put for-ward in favor of the continuation of FC by 58%, 27%, 10% and 4%, respectively. Five per cent could not supply an opinion. Conclusions FC is performed in immigrant women even after settling in areas where this practise is legally banned. Circumcised immigrant women experience medical and sexual problems which have to be dealt with in their new domicile country. Many African Islamic women, who have migrated to Scandinavia, seem still to be in favour of the continuation of circumcision for varying reasons.
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| 4. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial vaginosis and smoking
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 11:9, s. 603-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate if there is an association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and smoking. This cohort study included 956 randomly chosen, apparently healthy women at 2 family planning and one youth clinic. Of the 956 women, 131 women fulfilled the criteria for BV and the remaining 825 served as a control group. BV, BV-associated bacteria and gynaecological infections were diagnosed. Structured personal interviews concerning, smoking, alcohol and drug habits, sexual behaviour and reproductive history were made. Before and after adjustment for possible confounding factors, smoking, but not alcohol and drug use, was significantly associated with BV. Of the women with BV 52% were smokers versus 32% in the control group. Age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for smokers was 2.3 before, and 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.9) after adjustment for sexual risk behaviour, reproductive history, and alcohol use. There was also a significant dose-response relationship between BV and smoking habits. The data suggest that there might be a causal association between BV and smoking.
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| 5. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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Sexually transmitted diseases and gynecologic symptoms and signs in women with a history of induced abortion
- 1999
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. - 1537-4521. ; 26:4, s. 197-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PIP: This study examines the relationship between a history of induced abortion and current or previous sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other gynecologic symptoms. Study participants consisted of a cohort of women attending 2 family planning and 1 youth clinic; 192 were admitted with history of induced abortion and 804 women served as controls. A structured interview to obtain data on previous genital infections and gynecologic symptoms was conducted and gynecologic examination was performed. Various types of STDs and gynecologic symptoms were diagnosed including chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital warts, cervical human papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. The study found a high frequency of gynecologic symptoms in women with history of induced abortion such as abnormal vaginal discharges, pruritus, genital malodor, deep dyspareunia and urinary symptoms. Moreover, a history of gonorrhea, genital chlamydial infection, genital warts, and genital herpes were 1.5-5 times more common among women who experienced induced abortion. As a consequence of the 3-fold increase in the history of STDs, the study found a 4-fold increase of a history of pelvic inflammatory disease in women with induced abortion history. Considering these findings, women attending clinics for induced abortions could be a good target population for STD information programs and campaigns.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0711 .- 0932-0067. ; 265:1, s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population of 956 women, attending for contraceptive advice, 131 (13.7%) were found to have BV acording to Amsel's criteria. Clue cells were detected in 200 (20.9%) women, a positive amine ('sniff') test in 191 (20.0%), a vaginal pH > or = 4.7 in 243 (25.4%) and a "characteristic" vaginal discharge in 104 (10.9%) women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in relation to BV were calculated for each of these four criteria. The detection of clue cells, an increased pH and a positive sniff test showed excellent sensitivity (86-100%) values, but had a less satisfactory positive predictive value (52-68%). Vaginal discharge was found to be a poor predictor of BV. The vaginal flora in women with clue cells, increased vaginal pH or a positive sniff test was very similar to that of the women with BV, every after excluding concomitant cases of BV and the three respective criteria. Thus, a positive amine test, which is easily performed, strongly suggests BV and a vaginal flora predominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus species and anaerobic species on one hand, and lack of lactobacilli on the other. When there is a clinical suspicion of BV, the sniff test is positive and differential diagnoses are excluded, one can safely treat a woman for bacterial vaginosis.
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| 8. |
- Henic, Emir, et al.
(författare)
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Mannan-binding lectin in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115. ; 148:2, s. 163-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To determine the serum concentration of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a component of the innate immune system, in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and to correlate the result to candida-cultures, contraceptive use, if any, and to different antifungal therapies. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine women with a history of RVVC were investigated. Cultures of vulvar and vaginal samples were grown on chromogenic agar. Serum levels of MBL were determined by a sandwich time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, using anti-MBL coated microtiter wells containing samples, which were washed, incubated with biotinylated anti-MBL followed by europium-labeled streptavidin and measured by time-resolved flourometry. RESULTS: The median MBL level was higher in the RVVC cases than in 30 women with no history of genital candida infection who served as a comparison group (p=0.006). It was also higher in the candida-positive than in the culture-negative RVVC (p=0.02). The median concentration of MBL was also higher in hormonal contraceptive users as compared to condom-users and those using no contraceptive at all (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The result indicates a role of MBL in RVVC and the production may correlate to vulvar/vaginal colonization by Candida, hormonal contraceptive use, and antifungal therapies.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kurova, T, et al.
(författare)
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Prostitution in Riga, Latvia--a socio-medical matter of concern
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 77:1, s. 83-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the background and the working and socio-economic conditions, and the prevalence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), among street and sex club female Latvian prostitutes. STUDY DESIGN: Structured in-depth interviews, as well as clinical examination and laboratory tests for gonorrhea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, ectoparasites and HIV-infections. RESULTS: Approximately half of the 107 women stemmed from rural Latvian villages, the rest from the capital city of Riga. Of the women, 15-43 years, 36% were ethnic Latvians and 56% ethnic Russians, as compared to 58% vs. 32% of the population of Latvia. Poor economy with unemployment and miserly living conditions were the main reasons for recruitment to prostitution. The income per client was in the range of 25-30 USD (10-15 Ls), but the pimp and brothel/sex club owner often requires half of the women's fees. Unprotected intercourse was common. Twenty of the women were found to be pregnant. One tenth used narcotic drugs, e.g. ecstasy. The prevalences of gonorrhea, active syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and ectoparasites were 10.2%, 15.7%, 68.2%, 35.5% and 15.9% respectively. None was HIV-infected. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need for regulation of the Latvian 'sex industry', means for providing prostitutes with adequate contraceptives, and to allocate resources to clinics for investigation, therapy and counseling.
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