| 1. |
- Carlsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Perennial species mixtures for multifunctional production of biomass on marginal land
- 2017
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:1, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional agriculture provides noncommodity functions and services along with food, feed and bioenergy feedstocks, for example by preserving or promoting biodiversity, improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change and environmental degradation, and contributing to the socio-economic viability of rural areas. Producing biomass for bioenergy from low-input perennial species mixtures on marginal land has the potential to support biodiversity and soil carbon sequestration in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. We compared biomass production in species-rich mixtures of perennial grasses, legumes and forbs with pure-stand grasses and relatively species-poor mixtures under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Field experiments were performed on different types of marginal land, that is agricultural field margins and land with poor soil fertility, at four sites in southernmost and western Sweden. Biomass production was measured for three years in perennial grasses grown as pure stands, in legume-grass mixtures, and legume-grass-forb mixtures across a species richness gradient. In unfertilized species-rich mixtures, average biomass yields per experimental site and year were in the range from 3 to 9 metric ton DM ha−1 yr−1. While the most productive pure-stand grasses fertilized with 60–120 kg N ha−1 yr−1 often produced higher biomass yields than unfertilized mixtures, these differences were generally smaller than the variations between years and sites. Calculations of climate impact using the harvested biomass for conversion to biogas as vehicle fuel showed that the average greenhouse gas emissions per energy unit were about 50% lower in unfertilized systems than in treatments fertilized with 100–120 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Our findings thereby show that unfertilized species-rich perennial plant mixtures on marginal land provide resource-efficient biomass production and contribute to the mitigation of climate change. Perennial species mixtures managed with low inputs thus promote synergies between productivity and biodiversity in the perspective of climate-smart and multifunctional biomass production.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Monte Carlo simulations with a realistic rat phantom for examining the correlation between hematopoietic system response and red marrow absorbed dose in Brown Norway rats undergoing radionuclide therapy with (177)Lu- and (90)Y-BR96 mAbs.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 0094-2405. ; 39:7, s. 4434-4443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Biokinetic and dosimetry studies in laboratory animals often precede clinical radionuclide therapies in humans. A reliable evaluation of therapeutic efficacy is essential and should be based on accurate dosimetry data from a realistic dosimetry model. The aim of this study was to develop an anatomically realistic dosimetry model for Brown Norway rats to calculate S factors for use in evaluating correlations between absorbed dose and biological effects in a preclinical therapy study. Methods: A realistic rat phantom (Roby) was used, which has some flexibility that allows for a redefinition of organ sizes. The phantom was modified to represent the anatomic geometry of a Brown Norway rat, which was used for Monte Carlo calculations of S factors. Kinetic data for radiolabeled BR96 monoclonal antibodies were used to calculate the absorbed dose. Biological data were gathered from an activity escalation study with (90)Y- and (177)Lu-labeled BR96 monoclonal antibodies, in which blood cell counts and bodyweight were examined up to 2 months follow-up after injection. Reductions in white blood cell and platelet counts and declines in bodyweight were quantified by four methods and compared to the calculated absorbed dose to the bone marrow or the total body. Results: A red marrow absorbed dose-dependent effect on hematological parameters was observed, which could be evaluated by a decrease in blood cell counts. The absorbed dose to the bone marrow, corresponding to the maximal tolerable activity that could safely be administered, was determined to 8.3 Gy for (177)Lu and 12.5 Gy for (90)Y. Conclusions: There was a clear correlation between the hematological effects, quantified with some of the studied parameters, and the calculated red marrow absorbed doses. The decline in body weight was stronger correlated to the total body absorbed dose, rather than the red marrow absorbed dose. Finally, when considering a constant activity concentration, the phantom weight, ranging from 225 g to 300 g, appeared to have no substantial effect for the estimated absorbed dose.
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| 3. |
- Rutgersson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Using land-based stations for air–sea interaction studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0280-6495 .- 1600-0870. ; 72:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ measurements representing the marine atmosphere and air-sea interaction are taken at ships, buoys, stationary moorings and land-based towers, where each observation platform has structural restrictions. Air-sea fluxes are often small, and due to the limitations of the sensors, several corrections are applied. Land-based towers are convenient for long-term observations, but one critical aspect is the representativeness of marine conditions. Hence, a careful analysis of the sites and the data is necessary. Based on the concept of flux footprint, we suggest defining flux data from land-based marine micrometeorological sites in categories depending on the type of land influence:1. CAT1: Marine data representing open sea,2. CAT2: Disturbed wave field resulting in physical properties different from open sea conditions and heterogeneity of water properties in the footprint region, and3. CAT3: Mixed land-sea footprint, very heterogeneous conditions and possible active carbon production/consumption.Characterization of data would be beneficial for combined analyses using several sites in coastal and marginal seas and evaluation/comparison of properties and dynamics. Aerosol fluxes are a useful contribution to characterizing a marine micrometeorological field station; for most conditions, they change sign between land and sea sectors. Measured fluxes from the land-based marine station Ostergarnsholm are used as an example of a land-based marine site to evaluate the categories and to present an example of differences between open sea and coastal conditions. At the Ostergarnsholm site the surface drag is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 than for CAT1 when wind speed is below 10m/s. The heat and humidity fluxes show a distinctive distinguished seasonal cycle; latent heat flux is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 compared to CAT1. The flux of carbon dioxide is large from the coastal and land-sea sectors, showing a large seasonal cycle and significant variability (compared to the open sea sector). Aerosol fluxes are partly dominated by sea spray emissions comparable to those observed at other open sea conditions.
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| 4. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Changing biochemical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 395, s. 925-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, pHPT, present with milder symptoms than previously. Some, but not all studies, suggest that this change in clinical pattern also implies lower preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or calcium levels and smaller adenomas. This is important since reports indicate that smaller adenomas are more difficult to detect on preoperative imaging, possibly increasing the risk of surgical failure. METHODS: There were 640 patients with histologically confirmed single-gland pHPT identified in a prospectively collected database. Median values of preoperative calcium, PTH, as well as adenoma weight were compared in three different time periods: 1990-1995, 1996-2000, and 2000-2007. Correlation between the preoperative levels of calcium and PTH and adenoma weight was calculated. RESULTS: Preoperative ionized calcium decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between preoperative PTH and adenoma weight (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). The magnitude of this correlation decreased over time. In women, adenoma weight decreased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Median (25th-75th percentile) adenoma weight in women was 750 (400-1,380) mg, 650 (350-1,205) mg, and 520 (305-1,065) mg in the first, second, and third period, respectively. CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2007, there was a significant trend to operate pHPT patients with lower preoperative serum ionized calcium levels. In women, the adenoma weight decreased. This trend could potentially lead to decreased sensitivity in preoperative localization procedures.
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| 5. |
- Amombo Noa, Francoise Mystere, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Metal-Organic Frameworks with Hexakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene: Extensions to Reticular Chemistry and Introducing Foldable Nets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 142:20, s. 9471-9481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine metal-organic frameworks have been prepared with the hexagon-shaped linker 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-benzene (H(6)cpb) by solvothermal reactions in dimethylformamide (dmf) or dimethylacetamide (dmac) with acetic acid or formic acid as modulators: [Bi-2(cpb)(acetato)(2)(dmf)(2)]center dot 2dmf CTH-6 forms a rtl-net; 2(H2NMe2)[Cu-2(cpb)] CTH-7 forms a kgd-net; [Fe-4(cpb)-(acetato)(2)(dmf)(4)] CTH-8 and [Co-4(cpb)(acetato)(2)(dmf)(4)] CTH-9 are isostructural and form yav-nets; 2(HNEt3)[Fe-2(cpb)] CTH-10 and the two polymorphs of 2(H2NMe2)[Zn-2(cpb)]center dot 1.5dmac, Zn-MOF-888 and CTH-11, show kgd-nets; [Cu-2(cpb)-(acetato)(2)(dmf)(2)]center dot 2dmf, CTH-12, forms a mixed coordination and hydrogen-bonded sql-net; and 2(H2NMe2)[Zn-2(cpb)] CTH-13, a similarly mixed yav-net. Surface area values (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, BET) range from 34 m(2) g(-1) for CTH-12 to 303 m(2) g(-1) for CTH-9 for samples activated at 120 degrees C in dynamic vacuum. All compounds show normal (10-fold higher) molar CO2 versus N-2 uptake at 298 K, except the 19-fold CO2 uptake for CTH-12 containing Cu(II) dinuclear paddle-wheels. We also show how perfect hexagons and triangles can combine to a new 3D topology laf, a model of which gave us the idea of foldable network topologies, as the laf-net can fold into a 2D form while retaining the local geometry around each vertex. Other foldable nets identified are cds, cds-a, ths, sqc163, clh, jem, and tfc covering the basic polygons and their combinations. The impact of this concept on "breathing" MOFs is discussed. I-2 sorption, both from gas phase and from MeOH solution, into CTH-7 were studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) on dried crystals. I-2 was shown to have penetrated the crystals, as layers were consecutively peeled off by the ion beam. We suggest ToF-SIMS to be a method for studying sorption depth profiles of MOFs.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Hög tid att ta ansvar för samverkan
- 2011
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Ingår i: En vitbok i färg. - Västerås : Mälardalens högskola.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomic modulation networks in schizophrenia : The relationship between heart rate variability and functional and structural connectivity in the brain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506. ; 300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart rate variability (HRV), a measurement of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, has been found reduced in schizophrenia. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is important in regulating the ANS, is structurally and functionally affected in schizophrenia. We investigate the relationship between HRV and functional and structural connectivity of the ACC in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Ten patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and ten healthy controls were recruited. Heart rate was monitored in a naturalistic out-of-clinic setting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, including resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower HRV compared to controls. A positive correlation between ACC connectivity with the bilateral cerebellum and HRV was found in the patients. HRV was also positively correlated with amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the cerebellum, and with axial diffusivity in the middle cerebellar peduncle, in the patients. There was a significant negative relationship between antipsychotic medication dosage, HRV and all neuroimaging measures related to HRV. We conclude that ACC connectivity seems to be affected in schizophrenia, both structurally and functionally, and that the ACC-cerebellum connectivity, as well as cerebellar function, is associated with ANS regulation in patients with schizophrenia.
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