| 1. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating untapped bike potential with crowdsourcing data
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 488-489
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The city of Lund has a high share of trips done by bicycle, and ambitious goals of becoming climate-neutral by 2030. Still the municipality, like many other cities, has difficulty in reaching the goals of increasing cycling and needs to find the real potential. To understand the untapped cycling potentials of a city, and generally to promote it, it is important to first assess how bike is used and why. This can be done by observing the bike flows and understanding the reasons for the use or misuse of bikes as a transport mode. Particularly, for the scope of identifying untapped potential, the preferred time scale should be smaller than the traditional count based on annual average figures. Also, opposite to motorized traffic, bicycle volume can rapidly change inside a city. All this caused the need to search for more effective methods to estimate bicycle volume like crowdsourcing data that can be provided by mobile apps which are usually collected for other purposes. The present study introduces a method of bicycle volume estimation based on GPS data from the TravelVu application, an app-based tool to collect travel survey data. A spatial analysis has been chosen to investigate the correlation between the data from the Lund municipality counting and the GPS data from TravelVu app. The analysis has been performed by comparing the average daily bike volume with the aggregated data in 3 months for the GPS track. Counting data refers to 2018 and 2021 and the TravelVu data refers to 3 months starting from August 2018 and 2021, where 2018 data are collected through crowdsourcing and 2021 are random sampling. All the weekend data have been removed since the manual counting was always carried out during weekdays (and should be represented by those). At first, all the data from the Lund municipality report were digitalized in a GIS map and then clustered per intersection to have a more robust regression when compared to the TravelVu data and to reduce the possible spatial errors.
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| 3. |
- Engdahl, Cecilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen induces St6gal1 expression and increases IgG sialylation in mice and patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A potential explanation for the increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) preferentially affects women, with the peak incidence coinciding with estrogen decrease in menopause. Estrogen (E2) may therefore have intrinsic immune-regulatory properties that vanish with menopause. Fc sialylation is a crucial factor determining the inflammatory effector function of antibodies. We therefore analyzed whether E2 affects immunoglobulin G (IgG) sialylation. Methods: Postmenopausal (ovariectomized) mice were immunized with ovalbumin and treated with E2 or vehicle. Total and ovalbumin-specific IgG concentrations, sialylation, and Fcγ receptor expression were analyzed. Postmenopausal women with RA receiving hormone replacement therapy, including E2, or no treatment were analyzed for IgG sialylation. Furthermore, effects of E2 on the expression of the sialylation enzyme β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (St6Gal1) were studied in mouse and human antibody-producing cells. Results: E2 treatment significantly increased Fc sialylation of total and ovalbumin-specific IgG in postmenopausal mice. Furthermore, E2 led to increased expression of inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIb on bone marrow leukocytes. Treatment with E2 also increased St6Gal1 expression in mouse and human antibody-producing cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the increase in IgG-Fc sialylation. In postmenopausal women with RA, treatment with E2 significantly increased the Fc sialylation of IgG. Conclusions: E2 induces anti-inflammatory effector functions in IgG by inducing St6Gal1 expression in antibody-producing cells and by increasing Fc sialylation. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the increased risk of RA in conditions with low estrogen levels such as menopause. © 2018 The Author(s).
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| 6. |
- Issa Mattos, David, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization experiments in the continuous space: The limited growth optimistic optimization algorithm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 11036 LNCS, s. 293-308, s. 293-308
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online controlled experiments are extensively used by web-facing companies to validate and optimize their systems, providing a competitive advantage in their business. As the number of experiments scale, companies aim to invest their experimentation resources in larger feature changes and leave the automated techniques to optimize smaller features. Optimization experiments in the continuous space are encompassed in the many-armed bandits class of problems. Although previous research provides algorithms for solving this class of problems, these algorithms were not implemented in real-world online experimentation problems and do not consider the application constraints, such as time to compute a solution, selection of a best arm and the estimation of the mean-reward function. This work discusses the online experiments in context of the many-armed bandits class of problems and provides three main contributions: (1) an algorithm modification to include online experiments constraints, (2) implementation of this algorithm in an industrial setting in collaboration with Sony Mobile, and (3) statistical evidence that supports the modification of the algorithm for online experiments scenarios. These contributions support the relevance of the LG-HOO algorithm in the context of optimization experiments and show how the algorithm can be used to support continuous optimization of online systems in stochastic scenarios.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Dietitian visits were a safe and cost-effective form of follow-up care for children with celiac disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 108:4, s. 676-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study compared follow-up protocols for paediatric celiac disease (CD) led by either paediatricians or dietitians at Swedish university hospitals. Methods: We followed 363 CD patients under 18 years at the university hospitals in Malmö (n = 140) and Lund (n = 79) between 2011 and 2013 and after they merged to become Skåne (n = 144) between 2014 and 2016. Both Lund and Malmö provided regular paediatrician follow-up visits, whereas Skåne provided mainly dietitian-led visits. Results: Children at Lund were followed for a mean of 1.0 ± 0.5 visits per year, compared to 0.7 ± 0.6 at Malmö (p < 0.0001) and 0.9 ± 0.6 at Skåne (p = 0.11). The ratio of annual paediatrician to dietitian annual visits was 1.4:1.0 at Lund, which was higher than Malmö (0.9:1.0; p = 0.0017) and Skåne (0.6:1.0; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the prevalence of non-compliant patients between the clinics (p = 0.26, Malmö 13.6%, Lund 10.1%, Skåne 7.6%). Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody levels reversed equally over time at all three clinics after the subjects started a gluten-free diet (r = -0.55, p < 0.0001). The total mean annual cost per patient was lowest at Malmö and highest at Lund (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Dietary compliance was similar regardless of whether care was provided by a dietitian or paediatrician. Dietitian-led follow-up visits may provide lower long-term costs.
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| 8. |
- Linefur, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Växtnäringsförluster i små jordbruksdominerade avrinningsområden 2022/2023 : årsredovisning för miljöövervakningsprogrammet Typområden på jordbruksmark
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det agrohydrologiska året 2022/2023 var både varmare och torrare än normalt i alla typområden utom i västra Östergötland och i Hälsingland. Augusti var varm och nederbördsrik i de östra och mellersta delarna (Östergötland, Västmanland och Uppland), och varm och torr i södra Sverige (Halland, Skåne, Blekinge och östra Småland) samt i Dalsland. Även oktober och november var varmare än normalt i hela landet, med temperaturer på mellan två och tre grader över det normala. December var däremot kallare än normalt, och i alla typområden utom M36 i Skåne, K32 i Blekinge och H29 i Småland kom nederbörden som snö, som därefter låg kvar i en till två veckor. Januari var varm och nederbördsrik, och nederbörden kom som regn i alla områden utom X2 i Hälsingland där det kom snö som därefter låg kvar till början av april. I C6 i Uppland varierade vintervädret mellan kalla dagar och perioder med både tö och regn. Detta ledde till att en stor del av höstrapsen behövde köras upp på våren, samt att stående vatten och isfläckar i höstvetet resulterade i stora döda fläckar på fälten. Inledningen på våren (mars och april) var kallare än normalt i alla typområden, medan maj i stället bjöd på högre temperaturer än normalt, framförallt i de mellersta och norra delarna (Dalsland, Östergötland, Västmanland och Hälsingland). Mars var även väldigt nederbördsrik i hela landet, medan april och maj var torrare än normalt, i synnerhet i södra Sverige (Halland, Skåne, Småland och Blekinge) och östra delen av landet (Östergötland, Mälardalen, Gotland och Hälsingland). Juni var mycket varmare än normalt i hela landet, och dessutom ovanligt torr i Skåne, Halland, Östergötland, Västmanland samt på Gotland. Den kalla starten på våren ledde till att tillväxten på grödorna inledningsvis var lite långsam, men tog fart i maj och juni när värmen kom.Årsavrinningen var mycket mindre än normalt i M42 i Skåne, N34 i Halland, H29 och F26 i Småland, O17 och O18 i Västergötland samt U8 i Västmanland, mycket större än normalt i M39 i Skåne, E21 i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland och runt det normala i övriga områden. Avrinningen var låg eller mycket låg i juli och augusti i alla typområden utom X2 i Hälsingland där dagar med kraftig nederbörd ökade avrinningen tillfälligt. I typområde C6 i Uppland, E21 i Östergötland och X2 i Hälsingland uppmättes tillfälliga flödestoppar i augusti och september i samband med kraftig nederbörd. Avrinningen kom igång ordentligt i mitten av oktober i typområdena i Västergötland och i slutet av december i övriga typområden i södra och mellersta Sverige. I typområde X2 i Hälsingland varierade flödet under hela vintern, och det stora flödet uppmättes i stället i april, i samband med snösmältningen.Årsmedelhalterna av totalkväve var högre än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i de flesta typområden. Även den totala transporten av totalkväve större än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i M39 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, O14 i Dalsland, I28 på Gotland, alla tre typområden i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland. För totalfosfor låg årsmedelhalterna under respektive långtidsmedelvärde i K32 i Blekinge, I28 på Gotland, F26 i västra Småland samt E21 i Östergötland, och över eller mycket över det normala i typområde M42 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, H29 i östra Småland samt X2 i Hälsingland. Den totala transporten av totalfosfor var större än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i typområde M39 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, E24 i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland.I område F26 i Småland var fosforgödslingen något större 2022 jämfört med föregående år, och i O18 i Västergötland var både kväve- och fosforgödslingen större än föregående år. I F26 berodde detta på större tillförsel av stallgödsel medan det i O18 berodde på större tillförsel av mineralgödsel. Den mesta stallgödslingen skedde på våren i alla typområden utom i C6 i Uppland, där all stallgödsling skedde på hösten. Andelen ekologiskt brukad mark var större än föregående år i typområde E21 i Östergötland och I28 på Gotland. I övriga områden med ekologisk odling låg andelen kvar på samma nivå som förra året.
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| 10. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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