| 1. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 2. |
- Mårtensson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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PEBP2 and c-myb sites crucial for lambda5 core enhancer activity in pre-B cells.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 31:11, s. 3165-3174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lambda5 gene is expressed exclusively in precursor (pre-) B cells where its gene product, as part of the pre-B cell receptor, is crucial for the proliferation of these cells. Several DNA regions regulate the activity and expression pattern of the lambda5 gene. Amongst these is an enhancer, B(lambda5), located 5' of the gene. Here we analyze the lambda5 enhancer core, b(lambda5), which in earlier experiments was demonstrated to retain 50% of the enhancer activity, and show that this activity is restricted to pre-B cells. We identify a DNA element within b(lambda5), PEBP2(lambda5), which is essential for enhancer activity: mutation within this site dramatically reduces core enhancer activity in pre-B cells. The PEBP2(lambda5) site binds bacterially produced polyoma enhancer binding proteins (PEBP) (Runx/AML/CBFA). Furthermore, PEBP2 proteins present in nuclear extracts from murine pre-B cells bind to the PEBP2(lambda5) element. PEBP2 proteins in mature B cells also bind to the PEBP2(lambda5 )element, implying that if PEBP2 proteins are responsible for the stage-specific expression, they have to be non-activating or inhibiting in mature B cells. We also demonstrate that a described partner of PEBP2, c-myb, binds to a sequence termed myb(lambda5) located just upstream of the PEBP2(lambda5) site in the core enhancer. The myb(lambda5) element is also crucial for enhancer activity, since mutating the myb site reduces core enhancer activity to the same extent as mutating the PEBP2 site. Earlier reports have shown that c-myb is expressed at high levels in pre-B cell lines whereas its expression is down-regulated in more mature B cell lines. Thus, c-myb may be involved in determining the stage-specific expression of the lambda5 gene.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A 9-band WCDMA/EDGE transceiver supporting HSPA evolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0193-6530. ; , s. 366-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of cellular radio ICs lies in the integration of an ever-increasing number of bands and channel bandwidths. This paper presents a transceiver together with the associated discrete front-end components. The transceiver supports 4 EDGE bands and 9 WCDMA bands (l-VI and Vlll-X), while the radio can be configured to simultaneously support the 4 EDGE bands and up to 5 WCDMA bands: 3 high bands (HB) and 2 low bands (LB). The RX is a SAW-less homodyne composed of a main RX and a diversity RX. To reduce package complexity with so many bands, we chose to minimize the number of ports by using single-ended RF interfaces for both RX and TX. This saves seve ral package pins, but requires careful attention to grounding. The main RX has 8 LNA ports and the diversity RX has 5, with some LNAs supporting multiple bands. On the TX side, 2 ports are used for all EDGE bands and 4 for the WCDMA bands.
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| 4. |
- Samuelson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Semiconductor nanowires for 0D and 1D physics and applications
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-9477. ; 25:2-3, s. 313-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last 5 years the potential for applications of semiconductor nanowires has grown rapidly via the development of methods for catalytically induced nanowire growth using the, so-called vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mode. The VLS method offers a high degree of control of parameters such as position, diameter, length and composition, including the realization of atomically abrupt heterostructure interfaces inside a nanowire. In this review, we summarize the progress and the standing of our research from the point of view of controlled growth, structural and electronic properties and in terms of different families of devices which have been possible to realize. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Seifert, Werner, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of one-dimensional nanostructures in MOVPE
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248. ; 272:1-4, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for growth of one-dimensional nanostructures in the material systems GaAs, GaP, InAs and InP is investigated. Some kinetic effects are discussed, especially the general finding that in MOVPE thinner whiskers grow faster than thicker whiskers. Effects of growth temperature on growth rate and shape of the whiskers, the effects of different growth directions on the perfection of the materials and the possibilities to grow heterostructures in axial and lateral directions are reported. Ways to overcome the randomness in whisker growth by controlled seeding of the Au particles and by using lithography for site control are demonstrated.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Natur på skolgården för lärande, hälsa och hållbarhet
- 2024. - 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gröna och artrika utemiljöer främjar barns och ungas välbefinnande och kunskap, bådegenom hälsofördelar kopplade till biologisk mångfald och genom att skapa förutsättningarför lek och lärande om natur och miljöfrågor. Skolgården skulle kunna bidra till allt detta,men är idag i hög grad en outnyttjad plats för biologisk mångfald och klimatanpassningav städer. I denna policy brief presenteras huvudsakliga motiv och möjliga åtgärder för attutveckla gröna miljöer och biologisk mångfald på skolgårdar och förskolegårdar.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Coinfection with Enteric Pathogens in East African Children with Acute Gastroenteritis-Associations and Interpretations
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 98:6, s. 1566-1570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enteric coinfections among children in low-income countries are very common, but it is not well known if specific pathogen combinations are associated or have clinical importance. In this analysis, feces samples from children in Rwanda and Zanzibar less than 5 years of age, with (N = 994) or without (N = 324) acute diarrhea, were analyzed by realtime polymerase chain reaction targeting a wide range of pathogens. Associations were investigated by comparing codetection and mono-detection frequencies for all pairwise pathogen combinations. More than one pathogen was detected in 840 samples (65%). A negative association (coinfections being less common than expected from probability) was observed for rotavirus in combination with Shigella, Campylobacter, or norovirus genogroup II, but only in patients, which is statistically expected for agents that independently cause diarrhea. A positive correlation was observed, in both patients and controls, between Ct (threshold cycle) values for certain virulence factor genes in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (eae and bfpA) and toxin genes in enterotoxigenic E. coli (eltB and estA), allowing estimation of how often these genes were present in the same bacteria. A significant positive association in patients only was observed for Shigella andEPEC-eae, suggesting that this coinfection might interact in a manner that enhances symptoms. Although interaction between pathogens that affect symptoms is rare, this work emphasizes the importance and difference in interpretation of coinfections depending on whether they are positively or negatively associated.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Maria Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Clearance and Frequent Reinfection With Enteric Pathogens Among Children With Acute Diarrhea in Zanzibar.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 65:8, s. 1371-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important cause of illness and death among children in low-income countries. In addition to rotavirus vaccination, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce enteric infections, which are frequent also among asymptomatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high prevalence of these infections reflects that they often are not cleared properly by the immune response or rather is due to frequent pathogen exposure.Methods: Rectal swabs were collected at time of acute diarrhea and 14 days later from 127 children, aged 2-59 months and living in rural Zanzibar, and were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting multiple pathogens.Results: At baseline, detection rates >20% were found for each of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus GII, and adenovirus. At follow-up, a large proportion of the infections had become cleared (34-100%), or the pathogen load reduced, and this was observed also for agents that were presumably unrelated to diarrhea. Still, the detection frequencies at follow-up were for most agents as high as at baseline, because new infections had been acquired. Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, which was present in 21% of the children.Conclusions: Children residing in poor socioeconomic conditions, as in Zanzibar, are heavily exposed to enteric pathogens, but capable of rapidly clearing causative and coinfecting pathogens.
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| 9. |
- Andersson Trojer, Markus, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Replacement of H-bonded bridged water by transition metal ions in poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers: A vibrational spectroscopy study using mid-FTIR, far-FTIR and ab initio calculations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Vibrational Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2031. ; 61, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed structural analysis of the vibrational spectra of hydrophobic PVM (poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-methylmethacrylate)) copolymers PVM-4 (4 wt% 1-VIm) and PVM-44 (44 wt% 1-VIm) is provided with respect to bridging water and subsequent replacement by bridging transition metal ions. PVM-44 (44 wt% 1-VIm) with a high fraction of 1-VIm forms water bridges as evident by the water bending vibration, which is shifted up to 1665 cm(-1). This band vanishes as transition metal ions are introduced and a new band at 952 cm(-1) appears which is ascribed as a delta(ring) band involving the entire [M(Im)(n)](2+) unit. This fact is affirmed using ab initio calculations. The transition metal ions coordinate exclusively the imidazole groups. Although the imidazole associated water is replaced by transition metal ions, the amount of sorbed water for the very hydrophobic PVM-4 is increased as indicated by the nu(OH) region.
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| 10. |
- Berezecki Mårtensson, Maria, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Den goda vårdavdelningen
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den goda vårdavdelningen Slutrapport 2011-12-31 Detta är en rapport av ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Program för Teknisk Standard (PTS) gruppen samt Chalmers Arkitektur Centrum för vårdens arkitektur. Projektet har arbetstiteln ”Den goda vårdavdelningen”. "Den goda vårdavdelningen” är ett kunskaps- och forskningsbaserat planeringsunderlag för framtidens vårdavdelningar. Materialet till rapporten har tagits fram av PTS-gruppen i samarbete med Centrum för vårdens arkitektur. Projektet redovisas på PTS hemsida samt som denna rapport. Syftet med projektet var att ta fram bättre planerings-och beslutsunderlag när vårdens lokaler planeras och byggs. Arbetet har genomförts bland annat genom tre workshops. Till dessa har vi bjudit in företrädare för vården, lokalplanerare, projektledare, arkitekter och forskare från olika discipliner. Vi har arbetat tvärprofessionellt för att i dialogform tillsamman utveckla idéer och förslag till lösningar. Målet med workshopparna var att diskutera hur tillgänglig kunskap från forskning och praktik kan ligga till grund för att utveckla konceptförslag till den optimala vårdavdelningen samtidigt som långsiktiga framtida behov och möjligheter till flexibilitet i planering och byggande är tillgodosedda. Rapporten omfattar beskrivning av arbetsprocessen, framtagen teoretiskt material samt illustrationer. Den teoretiska delen består företrädesvis av forskningssammandrag sammanställd av Professor Roger Ulrich. Forskningssammandraget belyser antal områden relevanta för vårdavdelningar. Under varje område beskrivs ett antal ”designfaktorer” och forskningsresultat genom att forskningsstudier som visar på signifikanta samband kortfattat refereras. Styrkan i relationen mellan utformning och forskningsresultat är graderat så att materialet ska vara lättare att ta ställning till. En utvald referenslista finns till varje område. Den illustrativa delen består av ritningar och visualiseringar kompletterade med förklarande texter och omfattar utformning av Vårdrum, RWC och funktionsenheter. Framtagna exempel visar konsekvenser av olika lösningar och på vilket sätt forskningsbaserad kunskap kan inarbetas. Materialet utgör stöd där vårdrum och förslag till organisation av vårdavdelningen ska ses som exempel att samverka kring snarare än som färdiga lösningar att kopiera rakt av. Rapporten behandlar inte dem delar som redan täckas av PTS – en. Dessa är: akustik, estetik, hygien, tillgänglighet, miljöledning. På hemsidan sättas dessa i direkt förbindelse till PTS. Rapporten kommenterar inte heller andra exempel från Sverige och utlandet. Dessa presenteras på PTS- hemsida.
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