| 1. |
- Ainsalu, Jaagup, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Art of Automated Buses
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.
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| 2. |
- Bellone, Mauro, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous Driving in the Real-World: The Weather Challenge in the Sohjoa Baltic Project
- 2021
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Ingår i: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2522-8595 .- 2522-8609. ; , s. 229-255
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autonomous driving is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Currently, there is a high number of successful use cases and pilot projects around the world, but the market solutions are limited to restricted areas and advanced driving assistance systems. The main reason is the challenging shift from simulation and test tracks to the real world, where the number of possible scenarios increases exponentially, thus increasing the complexity of the driving models. In consideration of such a complex environment, this chapter focuses on the description of the real-world challenges in connection to running pilots within the Sohjoa Baltic project. Sohjoa Baltic aims at piloting electric autonomous minibuses in several cities of the Baltic sea region, constituting a challenging testbed compared to other cities piloting autonomous driving. The chapter gives a scientific interpretation to a series of practical problems, describing the challenges encountered during the running pilots in the Sohjoa Baltic project, reviewing state-of-the-art solutions and future implementation ideas that can be used on each vehicle or in the infrastructure.
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| 3. |
- Valdmaa, Kaija, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges with strategic placed-based innovation policy : implementation of smart specialization in Estonia and Wales
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Routledge. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 29:4, s. 681-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the implementation of smart specialization in Europe and exposes challenges arising from moving towards a more strategic (directional and non-neutral), place-based, and bottom-up mode of regional innovation policy. The analysis focuses on two small European nations - Wales and Estonia - and discusses the challenges that they have experienced with designing and implementing directional and non-neutral policies of smart specialization. Through a decade of research, drawing on interviews and documentary analysis, we find that in both cases, the entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) was not conducted as it was envisioned. Furthermore, the undertaking of smart specialization has not necessarily delivered on the promise of orienting regional policy towards a more sustainable, place-based, and bottom-up approach. This has led to a situation where local problems as well as opportunities have been overlooked and local smart specialization agendas have instead been shaped by centrally chosen broad values and directions in a top-down manner.
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