| 1. |
- Cheng, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics Approach To Evaluate a Baltic Sea Sourced Diet for Cultured Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus L.)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 65, s. 5083-5090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqua feeds traditionally rely on fishmeal as a protein source, which is costly and unsustainable. A new feed was formulated in the study with Baltic Sea sourced decontaminated fishmeal, Mytilus edulis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and given to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) for ten months. The diet-induced changes on metabolic profile in fish plasma, liver, and muscle were studied relative to a fishmeal-based standard diet by using a H-1 NMR-based metabolomics approach. Fish fed the test diet had higher content of betaine and lower levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and aromatic amino acids in plasma or tissues, which were mainly caused by the diet. The metabolomics results are useful to understand the mechanism of lower body mass, smaller Fulton's condition factor, and a tendency of less lipid content observed in fish fed the test diet. Thus, modifications on the dietary levels of these compounds in the feed are needed to achieve better growth performance.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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AQuA: An Automated Quantification Algorithm for High-Throughput NMR-Based Metabolomics and Its Application in Human Plasma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 90, s. 2095-2102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key limiting step for high-throughput NMR-based metabolomics is the lack of rapid and accurate tools for absolute quantification of many metabolites. We developed, implemented, and evaluated an algorithm, AQUA (Automated Quantification Algorithm), for targeted metabolite quantification from complex H-1 NMR spectra. AQUA operates based on spectral data extracted from a library consisting of one standard calibration spectrum for each metabolite. It uses one preselected NMR signal per metabolite for determining absolute concentrations and does so by effectively accounting for interferences caused by other metabolites. AQUA was implemented and evaluated using experimental NMR spectra from human plasma. The accuracy of AQUA was tested and confirmed in comparison with a manual spectral fitting approach using the ChenomX software, in which 61 out of 67 metabolites quantified in 30 human plasma spectra showed a goodness-of-fit (r(2)) close to or exceeding 0.9 between the two approaches. In addition, three quality indicators generated by AQUA, namely, occurrence, interference, and positional deviation, were studied. These quality indicators permit evaluation of the results each time the algorithm is operated. The efficiency was tested and confirmed by implementing AQUA for quantification of 67 metabolites in a large data set comprising 1342 experimental spectra from human plasma, in which the whole computation took less than 1 s.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Automated Quantification Algorithm (AQuA) and Its Application to NMR-Based Metabolomics of EDTA-Containing Plasma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 93, s. 8729-8738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently presented an Automated Quantification Algorithm (AQuA) and demonstrated its utility for rapid and accurate absolute metabolite quantification in H-1 NMR spectra in which positions and line widths of signals were predicted from a constant metabolite spectral library. The AQuA quantifies based on one preselected signal per metabolite and employs library spectra to model interferences from other metabolite signals. However, for some types of spectra, the interspectral deviations of signal positions and line widths can be pronounced; hence, interferences cannot be modeled using a constant spectral library. We here address this issue and present an improved AQuA that handles interspectral deviations. The improved AQuA monitors and characterizes the appearance of specific signals in each spectrum and automatically adjusts the spectral library to model interferences accordingly. The performance of the improved AQuA was tested on a large data set from plasma samples collected using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant (n = 772). These spectra provided a suitable test system for the improved AQuA since EDTA signals (i) vary in intensity, position, and line width between spectra and (ii) interfere with many signals from plasma metabolites targeted for quantification (n = 54). Without the improvement, ca. 20 out of the 54 metabolites would have been overestimated. This included acetylcarnitine and ornithine, which are considered particularly difficult to quantify with H-1 NMR in EDTA-containing plasma. Furthermore, the improved AQuA performed rapidly (<10 s for all spectra). We believe that the improved AQuA provides a basis for automated quantification in other data sets where specific signals show interspectral deviations.
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| 4. |
- Müllner, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites in lean compared with obese adolescents and additional metabolic shifts associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with obesity and are forerunners of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about metabolic alterations separately associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescents. Objectives To identify metabolic alterations associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and hyperinsulinaemia/IR combined with IGT in obese adolescents. Methods 81 adolescents were stratified into four groups based on body mass index (lean vs. obese), insulin responses (normal insulin (NI) vs. high insulin (HI)) and glucose responses (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs. IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The groups comprised: (1) healthy lean with NI and NGT, (2) obese with NI and NGT, (3) obese with HI and NGT, and (4) obese with HI and IGT. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting and seven post-OGTT plasma samples, followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results Two groups of metabolites were identified: (1) Metabolites associated with insulin response level: adolescents with HI (groups 3-4) had higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of serine, glycine, myo-inositol and dimethylsulfone, than adolescents with NI (groups 1-2). (2) Metabolites associated with obesity status: obese adolescents (groups 2-4) had higher concentrations of acetylcarnitine, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate, and lower concentrations of acetate, than lean adolescents (group 1). Conclusions Obesity is associated with shifts in fat and energy metabolism. Hyperinsulinaemia/IR in obese adolescents is also associated with increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acids.
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| 5. |
- Müllner, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Serum metabolomics analysis reveals increased lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic Gilbert's syndrome individuals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The protective role of mildly elevated bilirubin against CVD and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is associated with a favorable lipid phenotype. As the mechanistic understanding of this protection in humans remains elusive, we aimed to assess the metabolomics profile of mildly hyperbilirubinemic (Gilbert's syndrome; GS) individuals especially targeting lipid catabolism. Methods and results: Using NMR serum metabolomics of 56 GS individuals and 56 age and gender-matched healthy controls, GS individuals demonstrated significantly greater concentrations of acetylcarnitine (+20%, p < 0.001) and the ketone bodies, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (+132%, p < 0.001), acetoacetic acid (+95%, p < 0.001) and acetone (+46%, p < 0.001). Metabolites associated with an increased mitochondrial lipid metabolism such as citrate (+15%, p < 0.001), anaplerotic amino acid intermediates and creatinine were significantly greater and creatine significantly reduced in GS individuals. Stimulators of lipid catabolism including AMPK (+59%, p < 0.001), pPPAR alpha (+24%, p < 0.001) and T3 (+9%, p = 0.009) supported the metabolomics data while concomitantly blood glucose and insulin (-33%, p = 0.002) levels were significantly reduced. We further showed that the increased lipid catabolism partially mediates the favorable lipid phenotype (lower triglycerides) of GS individuals. Increased trimethylamine (+35%, p < 0.001) indicated changes in trimethylamine metabolism, an emerging predictor of metabolic health. Conclusion: We showed an enhanced lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic individuals, novel evidence as to why these individuals are leaner and protected against chronic metabolic diseases emphasizing bilirubin to be a promising future target in obese and dyslipidemia patients. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 6. |
- Shrestha, Aahana, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic changes in serum metabolome in response to a meal
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 56, s. 671-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The change in serum metabolic response from fasting state to postprandial state provides novel insights into the impact of a single meal on human metabolism. Therefore, this study explored changes in serum metabolite profile after a single meal.Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance participated in the study. They received a meal consisting of refined wheat bread (50 g carbohydrates, 9 g protein, 4.2 g fat and 2.7 g dietary fibre), 40 g cucumber and 300 mL noncaloric orange drink. Blood samples were collected at fasting and five postprandial time points. Metabolic profile was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Changes over time were assessed with multivariate models and ANOVA, with baseline as control.The metabolomic analyses demonstrated alterations in phospholipids, amino acids and their breakdown products, glycolytic products, acylcarnitines and ketone bodies after a single meal. More specifically, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and citrate displayed an overall declining pattern, while leucine, isoleucine, methionine and succinate increased initially but declined thereafter. A sharp decline in acylcarnitines and ketone bodies and increase in glycolytic products postprandially suggest a switch in the body's energy source from beta-oxidation to glycolysis. Moreover, individuals with relatively high postprandial insulin responses generated a higher postprandial leucine responses compared to participants with lower insulin responses.The study demonstrated complex changes from catabolic to anabolic metabolism after a meal and indicated that the extent of postprandial responses is different between individuals with high and low insulin response.
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| 7. |
- Öhlund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in metabolic profiles between the Burmese, the Maine coon and the Birman cat-Three breeds with varying risk for diabetes mellitus
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:4 April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feline diabetes mellitus shares many features with type 2 diabetes in people, regarding clinical presentation, physiology, and pathology. A breed predisposition for type 2 diabetes has been identified, with the Burmese breed at a fivefold increased risk of developing the condition compared to other purebred cats. We aimed to characterize the serum metabolome in cats (n = 63) using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics, and to compare the metabolite pattern of Burmese cats with that of two cat breeds of medium or low risk of diabetes, the Maine coon (MCO) and Birman cat, respectively. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were also measured (n = 94). Burmese cats had higher insulin and lower adiponectin concentrations than MCO cats. Twenty one metabolites were discriminative between breeds using a multivariate statistical approach and 15 remained significant after adjustment for body weight and body condition score. Burmese cats had higher plasma levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate relative to MCO and Birman cats and increased concentrations of 2-oxoisocaproic acid, and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of dimethylglycine relative to MCO cats. The metabolic profile of MCO cats was characterized by high concentrations of arginine, asparagine, methionine, succinic acid and low levels of acetylcarnitine while Birman cats had the highest creatinine and the lowest taurine plasma levels, compared with MCO and Burmese. The pattern of metabolites in Burmese cats is similar to that in people with insulin resistance. In conclusion, the metabolic profile differed between healthy cats of three breeds. Detection of an abnormal metabolome might identify cats at risk of developing diabetes.
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| 8. |
- Östman, Johnny R., et al.
(författare)
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Glucose Appearance Rate Rather than the Blood Glucose Concentrations Explains Differences in Postprandial Insulin Responses between Wholemeal Rye and Refined Wheat Breads—Results from A Cross-Over Meal Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:7, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Ingestion of rye bread leads to lower postprandial plasma insulin concentrations than wheat bread ingestion, but most often not too different glucose profiles. The mechanism behind this discrepancy is still largely unknown. This study investigates whether glucose kinetics may explain the observed discrepancy. Methods and results: Nine healthy men participated in a crossover study, eating 50 g of available carbohydrates as either refined wheat (WB) or traditional wholemeal rye bread (WMR) during d-[6,6- 2 H 2 ]glucose infusion. Labeled glucose enrichment is measured by an HPLC-TOF-MS method. The calculated rate of glucose appearance (RaE) is significantly lower after ingestion of WMR during the initial 15 min postprandial period. Additionally, the 0‒90 min RaE area under the curve (AUC) is significantly lower after ingestion of WMR, as is plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) at 60 and 90 min. Postprandial glycemic responses do not differ between the breads. Postprandial insulin is lower after ingestion of WMR at 45 and 60 min, as is the 0‒90 min AUC. Conclusion: Ingestion of WMR elicits a lower rate of glucose appearance into the bloodstream compared with WB. This may explain the lower insulin response observed after rye bread ingestion, commonly known as the rye factor. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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