| 1. |
- Carvalho, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali enhanced biomass gasification with in situ S capture and a novel syngas cleaning : Part 2: Techno-economic analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 165:Part B, s. 471-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that alkali addition has operational advantages in entrained flow biomass gasification and allows for capture of up to 90% of the biomass sulfur in the slag phase. The resultant low-sulfur content syngas can create new possibilities for syngas cleaning processes. The aim was to assess the techno-economic performance of biofuel production via gasification of alkali impregnated biomass using a novel gas cleaning systemcomprised of (i) entrained flow catalytic gasification with in situ sulfur removal, (ii) further sulfur removal using a zinc bed, (iii) tar removal using a carbon filter, and (iv) CO2 reductionwith zeolite membranes, in comparison to the expensive acid gas removal system (Rectisol technology). The results show that alkali impregnation increases methanol productionallowing for selling prices similar to biofuel production from non-impregnated biomass. It was concluded that the methanol production using the novel cleaning system is comparable to the Rectisol technology in terms of energy efficiency, while showing an economic advantagederived from a methanol selling price reduction of 2–6 €/MWh. The results showed a high level of robustness to changes related to prices and operation. Methanol selling prices could be further reduced by choosing low sulfur content feedstocks.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism Study of Waste Heat Recovery from Slurry by Surface Scraped Heat Exchanger
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 105, s. 1109-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste-heat recovery from discharged slurries can improve the net raw biogas production in bio-methane process in order to meet the demand of a new generation of anaerobic digestion. In order to achieve a high efficient waste-heat recovery, in this work, a mathematical model of waste-heat recovery process with surface scraped heat exchanger (SSHE) was proposed with the consideration of the shear rate and temperature-dependent rheological behaviour. The convective heat transfer performance of SSHE was calculated numerically where slurry was considered. The contribution of waste heat recovery from the slurry to biogas production by SSHE and general shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHE) were firstly calculated quantitatively, and the increase of net raw biogas production could be over 13.5% by SSHE with need of heat exchange area less than a quarter of STHE's, which showed a great potential to increase the net raw biogas production in bio-methane process with low equipment investments and more compactible structure.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Yifeng, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic study on aqueous polyethylene glycol 200 solution and performance assessment for CO2 separation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fluid Phase Equilibria. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3812 .- 1879-0224. ; 504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) and aqueous PEG200 solutions (PEG200/H2O) as solvents for CO2 separation, in this study, the available thermo-physical properties of PEG200 and PEG200/H2O measured experimentally were surveyed, evaluated, and correlated with empirical equations. The solubility of CO2 in PEG200 was also surveyed, evaluated and described with the Henry's law with the Poynting correction, while the solubilities of CH4 and N2 in PEG200 were determined experimentally and then described with the Henry's law. The CO2, CH4 and N2 solubilities in PEG200/H2O were measured and described with the Redlich–Kwong Nonrandom-Two-Liquid (RK-NRTL) model. In addition, the performances of PEG200, PEG200/H2O and other commercialized physical solvents for CO2 separation were discussed based on the properties, and the biogas upgrading was chosen as the example to quantitatively evaluate the performances of PEG200 and PEG200/H2O with process simulation and compared with the high pressure water scrubbing (HPWS). It shows that the total energy usage and the amount of recirculated solvent for biogas upgrading can decrease by 9.1% and 26.5%, respectively, when H2O is replaced by PEG200 completely.
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| 4. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 5. |
- Furusjö, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali enhanced biomass gasification with in situ S capture and novel syngas cleaning. Part 1 : Gasifier performance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 157, s. 96-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research shows that alkali addition in entrained flow biomass gasification can increase char conversion and decrease tar and soot formation through catalysis. This paper investigates two other potential benefits of alkali addition: increased slag flowability and in situ sulfur capture. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that addition of 2–8% alkali catalyst to biomass completely changes the chemical domain of the gasifier slag phase to an alkali carbonate melt with low viscosity. This can increase feedstock flexibility and improve the operability of an entrained flow biomass gasification process. The alkali carbonate melt also leads to up to 90% sulfur capture through the formation of alkali sulfides. The resulting reduced syngas sulfur content can potentially simplify gas cleaning required for catalytic biofuel production. Alkali catalyst recovery and recycling is a precondition for the economic feasibility of the proposed process and is effected through a wet quench. It is shown that the addition of Zn for sulfur precipitation in the alkali recovery loop enables the separation of S, Ca and Mg from the recycle. For high Si and Cl biomass feedstocks, an alternative separation technology for these elements may be required to avoid build-up.
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| 6. |
- Huang, Shoushuang, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing electroreduction activity and selectivity of N2-to-NH3 through proton-feeding adjustments in Ag@AgP2@Ni-CoP@C core-shell nanowires
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of NH3 via electrochemical N2 fixation at ambient conditions has been proposed as a promising alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. However, the development of highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts remains a challenge. In this study, uniform Ag@AgP2 @Ni-CoP@C core-shell nanowires were synthesized using a template-engaged strategy. The merging of conductive Ag core with active AgP2 and porous carbon-coated Ni-doped CoP shells favors the mass and electron transfers, effectively lowering the activation energy toward the reduction of N2 to NH3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicates that the sandwiched AgP2 layer plays crucial roles in promoting electrocatalytic kinetics and suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reactions. Benefiting from these advantages, the titled catalyst achieved a high NH3 yield of 16.84 & mu;g h-1 mg-1 cat. at-0.4 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and a high Faradaic efficiency of 21.7 % at-0.3 V vs. RHE, as well as high electrochemical and structure stability.
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| 7. |
- Kipfer, Tristan, et al.
(författare)
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Upcycling of lithium cobalt oxide to LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2
- 2024
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Ingår i: RSC Sustainability. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2753-8125.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing demand for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, arises an interest in the recycling processes for such devices. Possible methods include a range of processing conditions yielding different precursors which need to be integrated into upstream production. Here, we demonstrate a synthesis method that is compatible with the organic precursor obtained from citric acid-based leaching of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) followed by acetone antisolvent crystallization. A lithium cobalt citrate (LCC) precipitate is retrieved and used directly as a precursor to synthesize LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) via a sol-gel method. The organic precursor is the only source of Co and provides a portion of the Li, while complementary metal salts supply the remaining metals in stoichiometric amounts. The role of metal salts (either acetates or sulfates of Ni, Mn and Li) on the quality and performance of the cathode materials is evaluated based on chemical composition and material purity. Electrochemical evaluation of the material produced from metal acetates showed comparable performance to that of a control material. The work connects previously studied methods of downstream leaching and antisolvent extraction with the upstream production of a desired cathode material through sol-gel synthesis. It is shown that our concept provides a path for avoiding primary and hazardous extraction of cobalt as the usage of the obtained citrate from acetone antisolvent crystallization of LCO can be applied as a precursor for NMC111 synthesis, with few steps and applying only non-toxic solvents.
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| 8. |
- Li, Chunyan, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction in cartilage of endemic osteoarthritis patients in China
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science China Life Sciences. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1674-7305 .- 1869-1889. ; 55:12, s. 1057-1063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n this paper, we present the first evidence of differences in the mitochondria-related gene expression profiles of adult articular cartilage derived from patients with Kashin-Beck disease and normal controls. The expression of 705 mitochondria-related genes was analyzed by mitochondria-related gene expression analysis and ingenuity pathways analysis. Mitochondria-related gene expression analysis identified 9 up-regulated genes in Kashin-Beck disease based on their average expression ratio. Three canonical pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis signaling and pyruvate metabolism were identified, which indicate the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease.
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| 9. |
- Ma, Chunyan, et al.
(författare)
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Antisolvent crystallization from deep eutectic solvent leachates of LiNi1/ 3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 for recycling and direct synthesis of battery cathodes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : ELSEVIER. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of environmentally friendly, safe, and inexpensive solvents with a remarkable ability to dissolve metal oxides, proposed as green alternatives to traditional acid leaching in the recycling of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode materials. In this work, a closed-loop process is targeted, where LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) is leached by a DES (choline chloride and L-(+)-tartaric acid), and the metals are recovered by antisolvent crystallization. Five organic antisolvents have been evaluated, amongst which ethanol provides the highest metal recovery efficiency. The suitability of the solid precipitates as precursors for the sol -gel synthesis of new NMC, and the resulting cycling performance as battery cathodes, have been tested. The effect on the process of impurities Al and Cu from current collectors has been investigated. The impurities partially precipitate with the targeted metals, but the product impurity content can be significantly reduced through the selection of antisolvent, antisolvent-to-leachate ratio, crystallization residence time, and the rate of supersaturation generation in semi-batch mode. The resulting solids can be suitable for direct cathode resynthesis without the addition of a chelating agent, but impurities from current collectors decrease cycling performance. The results highlight the potential of combining DES leaching and antisolvent crystallization as a sustainable and efficient LIB cathode recycling method.
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| 10. |
- Ma, Chunyan, et al.
(författare)
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CO2 Separation by a Series of Aqueous Morpholinium-Based Ionic Liquids with Acetate Anions
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 8:1, s. 415-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, CO2 absorption capacities in a series of aqueous N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium-based ILs with acetate as the counterpart anion were investigated. Among these ILs, N-butyl-N-methylmorpholinium acetate ([Bmmorp][OAc]) with the highest CO2 absorption capacity was screened for thermodynamic modeling. The non-random two-liquid model and the Redlich–Kwong equation of state (NRTL-RK model) were used to describe the phase equilibria. The CH4 absorption capacity in the aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc] was also measured in order to verify the results predicted from the thermodynamic modeling, and the comparison shows the reliability of the model prediction. The parameters were embedded into the commercial software Aspen Plus. After that, the aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc] solutions with 30–40 wt % of water were selected to carry out process simulation for CO2 separation from biogas, and it was found that using these aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc] gave rise to lower energy usage and smaller size of equipment than other physical solvents. The results suggest that aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc] solution can be used as an alternative to organic solvents and has the potential to decrease the cost of CO2 separation.
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