| 1. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1459-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death.INTERPRETATION: At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems.
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| 3. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 4. |
- Carpejani, P., et al.
(författare)
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The contribution of the materiality process to a clean production
- 2017
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Ingår i: 24th International Conference on Production Research, ICPR 2017. - : DEStech Publications. - 9781605955070 ; , s. 663-665
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After becoming the central element for sustainability performance measurements, such as in GRI, the study of materiality has become a trend in both the academic and business worlds. Tracking materiality helps to map the sustainable actions that are most relevant to companies and their stakeholders. This way, it is possible to optimize resources and remove unnecessary activities in business operations. The main objective of this work is to investigate how materiality can help make the manufacturing process more sustainable. This article was derived from a systematic review conducted in previous works. To point out trends, expert interviews were conducted. The aim was to provide support for the practical implementation of the theory. The results show that once the effects of your application can be viewed as an indicator (measuring and reporting effectively sustainable results), there is a strong tendency to apply materiality to productive processes, such as benchmarking (getting the best market practices), or even as a tool for performance optimization (improving the efficiency of the organization). Due to these factors, the topic covered here is essential for industry continuity.
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| 5. |
- De Lima, E. P., et al.
(författare)
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Developing and testing a design process for sustainable indicators
- 2014
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Ingår i: IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014. - : Institute of Industrial Engineers. - 9780983762430 ; , s. 1826-1836
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last few decades the competitive context development trajectory is leading companies to increase their contribution for sustainable development. Stakeholders' accountability demands are being reflected in present multidisciplinary regulatory framework that is formed by standards, guidelines and guidance reports, and allows markets and society to have evidences from sustainable behavior, which is certified or formally agreed or signatory by companies. Operations strategy performance information could be addressed to a set of evolutionary performance indicators, which could represent sustainability present performance, and also could orient companies in reaching higher performance levels according to a preset maturity trajectory. The objective of this paper is to develop a process for generating an integrated set of performance measures for managing sustainability at value chain or operations system level. An applied research was conducted based on action research approach, operationalized by Cambridge process or engineering approach, and managed in research process management cycle. Performance measures are formally and detailed defined as metadata. Process application not only allows a better understanding on how sustainability indicators could be integrated and related to a maturity model, but also created an information system that could be used for auditing, assessment and reporting sustainability performance.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carpejani, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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A Materialidade como Competência de Transformação Organizacional na Perspectiva de Sustentabilidade
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se a materialidade pode ser uma considerada uma competência de transformação organizacional na concepção sustentável. Uma intenção secundária é listar e ranquear outras possíveis competências que possibilitem alterar o cenário corporativo por meio das premissas do Triple Bottom Line. A abordagem empregada para resolver esta lacuna é o estudo Delphi. O método é responsável pela extração de um consenso entre especialistas no assunto. Para a ordenação das competências, uma ferramenta do Qualtrics e o Método Mudge foram selecionados. Este último tem como objetivo minimizar fatores subjetivos que estão inerentes ao cotidiano do ser humano, proporcionando uma tomada de decisão mais eficaz. Como um dos principais achados, esta pesquisa retornou 9 competências necessárias para realizar transformação organizacional na vertente citada. Além disso, confirmou que a materialidade pode ser considerada uma destas competências, e que ela pode contribuir para a seleção e, consequentemente, ajudar as empresas a alcançarem os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. A limitação deste trabalho está na ausência de orientações detalhes de como implementar tais competências no cotidiano organizacional. Como originalidade, este paper destaca-se ao ser o primeiro ao abordar as competências necessárias para transformação com os pilares sustentáveis e também ao dar aplicabilidade ao conceito recém-desenvolvido de materialidade.
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| 8. |
- Carpejani, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Contribution of the Process of Materiality to the Evolution of the Field of Sustainability Performance Measurement
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to validate the cycle of sustainability performance measurement in the context of materiality. The study examines whether materiality contributes to the progress of the area through the framework proposed by Andy Neely. To do so, the paper explores the five questions that could guide future field research. One of the limitations is that the topic addressed was explored from the viewpoint of the performance measurement GRI, more specifically in its latest G4 version. The guideline perceives materiality as the key element for sustainable reporting, so the principle should be studied to see how important it is to industries. Results show that materiality contributes to the maturity of the topic by providing the necessary support for the theory introduced by Neely, more specifically the framework of the article “The evolution of performance measurement research: Developments in the last decade and a research agenda for the next”. Consequently, Neely’s future agenda was debated with the concepts of materiality applied in the practical environment of business. This document meets the identified need to explore the materiality tool, since the field needs future research due to little literature found.
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| 9. |
- Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of empirical studies on green manufacturing: eight propositions and a research framework for digitalized sustainable manufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Production and Manufacturing Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2169-3277. ; 10:1, s. 727-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturers are facing increasing pressures to adapt their operations to meet sustainability goals. Research and developments on industrial digitalization (aka Industry 4.0) present new opportunities to create and capture value in ever-more complex and connected industrial systems. However, digitalization does not always align with sustainability, and case studies combining these two topics are still scarce. To address these gaps, we adopted a bottom-up approach to (1) identify existing environmental solutions and their implementation challenges by reviewing 208 empirical studies, and (2) formulate eight propositions to guide further work so that digitalization supports environmental improvements more systematically. Finally, a framework for Digitalized Sustainable Manufacturing consisting of four research themes is proposed, pointing to future research needed to align industrial development with sustainable development goals. The propositions and framework aim to structure and focus future research by targeting specifically the challenges encountered when implementing environmental solutions in manufacturing.
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| 10. |
- Ericson Öberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostics of opportunities : A dialogue tool for addressing digital factory maturity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 395-406
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no “one-size-fits-all” exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023.Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.
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