| 1. |
- Partanen, Riitta, et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial cross-linking of β-casein changes the structure of the adsorbed layer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 32:2, s. 271-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of transglutaminase-induced cross-linking of interfacial β-casein layer was investigated in tetradecane/buffer system. Monolayer studies were carried out in a Langmuir trough, where incubation with the enzyme mostly affected the compression of the film through adsorption of transglutaminase to the interface. Interfacial shear rheology was used to follow the kinetics of formation of a visco-elastic film upon cross-linking. Substrate concentration affected the rate of the interfacial cross-linking, when enzyme was dosed per protein concentration. This was most likely due to the saturated substrate layer at the interface in all cases. SDS-PAGE revealed that most of the β-casein at the interface was not cross-linked by intermolecular links, but rather, intramolecular links were formed. Finally, studies of adsorbed β-casein layers on polystyrene beads revealed that cross-linking reduced the thickness of the adsorption layer from 11-12 nm to 8-9 nm. These results suggest that it may be mainly intra-molecular cross-linking which modifies the physical interactions of β-caseins at the interface resulting in a higher layer density and thus, formation of a visco-elastic network.
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| 2. |
- Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev, et al.
(författare)
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Whole dairy matrix or single nutrients in assessment of health effects : current evidence and knowledge gaps
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 105:5, s. 1033-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foods consist of a large number of different nutrients that are contained in a complex structure. The nature of the food structure and the nutrients therein (i.e., the food matrix) will determine the nutrient digestion and absorption, thereby altering the overall nutritional properties of the food. Thus, the food matrix may exhibit a different relation with health indicators compared to single nutrients studied in isolation. The evidence for a dairy matrix effect was presented and discussed by an expert panel at a closed workshop, and the following consensus was reached: 1) Current evidence does not support a positive association between intake of dairy products and risk of cardiovascular disease (i.e., stroke and coronary heart disease) and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, fermented dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, generally show inverse associations. 2) Intervention studies have indicated that the metabolic effects of whole dairy may be different than those of single dairy constituents when considering the effects on body weight, cardiometabolic disease risk, and bone health. 3) Different dairy products seem to be distinctly linked to health effects and disease risk markers. 4) Different dairy structures and common processing methods may enhance interactions between nutrients in the dairy matrix, which may modify the metabolic effects of dairy consumption. 5) In conclusion, the nutritional values of dairy products should not be considered equivalent to their nutrient contents but, rather, be considered on the basis of the biofunctionality of the nutrients within dairy food structures. 6) Further research on the health effects of whole dairy foods is warranted alongside the more traditional approach of studying the health effects of single nutrients. Future diet assessments and recommendations should carefully consider the evidence of the effects of whole foods alongside the evidence of the effects of individual nutrients. Current knowledge gaps and recommendations for priorities in future research on dairy were identified and presented.
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| 3. |
- Vinarov, Zahari, et al.
(författare)
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Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research : An opinion of the UNGAP network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0169-409X .- 1872-8294. ; 171, s. 289-331
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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