| 1. |
- Gedda, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Energy redistribution during CO2 laser cladding
- 2001
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Ingår i: Congress proceedings. - Orlando, Fla : Laser institute of America. - 912035730 ; , s. 549-558
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the factors that effect the efficiency of the CO sub 2 -laser powder cladding process. By theoretical calculation and experimental work it has been possible to identify how much of the original laser energy contributes to the cladding process and how much is lost to the surrounding environment by reflection, radiation, convection etc. Every aspect of energy redistribution has been analysed and quantified and this has lead to a deeper understanding of the process. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of blown powder laser cladding
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| 2. |
- Gedda, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Energy redistribution during CO2 laser cladding
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 14:2, s. 78-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the factors that effect the efficiency of the CO sub 2 -laser powder cladding process. By theoretical calculation and experimental work it has been possible to identify how much of the original laser energy contributes to the cladding process and how much is lost to the surrounding environment by reflection, radiation, convection, etc. Every aspect of energy redistribution has been analyzed and quantified and this has led to a deeper understanding of the process. The article concludes with a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of blown powder laser cladding.
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| 3. |
- Klingberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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A distinct gut microbiota composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is associated with increased levels of fecal calprotectin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) shares many characteristics with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal microbiota most likely plays an important role in the development of IBDs and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. We aimed to define and compare the fecal microbiota composition in patients with AS, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy controls (HC) and to determine relationships between fecal microbiota, fecal calprotectin, and disease-related variables in AS. Methods Fecal microbiota composition was assessed with GA-map (TM) Dysbiosis Test (Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway), which also reports the degree of deviation of the microbiota composition compared with a healthy control population, a Dysbiosis Index (DI) score 1-5. The AS patients were assessed with questionnaires, back mobility tests, fecal calprotectin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Totally, 150 patients with AS (55% men, median age 55.5 years, median BASDAI 3.2), 18 patients with UC (56% men, median age 30.5 years), and 17 HC (65% men, median age 22 years) were included. Principal component analysis showed highly separate clustering of fecal microbiota from the patients with AS, UC, and HC. Compared with HC, fecal microbiota in AS was characterized by a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcus species, and Actinobacteria, but lower abundance of Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae. Further, fecal microbiota composition differed between patients with normal (<= 50 mg/kg, n = 57) and increased (>= 200 mg/kg, n = 36) fecal calprotectin. Patients with increased fecal calprotectin had lower abundance of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium and higher abundance of the genus Streptococcus. No association was found between the fecal microbiota composition and HLAB27 status, disease activity, function, or medication. Dysbiosis (defined as DI >= 3) was found in 87% of AS patients. Conclusions Patients with AS have a distinct fecal microbiota signature, which is linked to fecal calprotectin levels, a marker of intestinal inflammation, but not to other clinical parameters. These findings suggest a local interplay between intestinal microbiota and gut inflammation in AS.
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| 4. |
- Magnusson, Hans, 1943-
(författare)
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From recovery boiler to integration of a textile fiber plant : Combination of mass balance analysis and chemical engineering
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern chemical technology is an efficient tool for solving problems, particularly within the complex environment of the pulp and paper industry, and the combination of experimental studies, mill data and mass balance calculations are of fundamental importance to the development of the industry. In this study various examples are presented, whereby chemical technology is of fundamental importance.It is well documented that under normal conditions the molten salt mixture from the kraft recovery boiler flows down into the dissolving tank without problems. However, in the case of alternatives to the kraft recovery boiler, knowledge of more precise data of the molten salts is required for the design calculations. In this study the viscosity for the case of sodium carbonate and 30 mole% sulphide has been measured and is of the magnitude 2 – 3 cP at temperatures relevant for a recovery boiler, i.e. similar to water at room temperature.The presence of non-process elements (NPE) in a typical pulp mill has been investigated. The main input is with regards to the wood, and anticipated problems include; deposits in evaporators, high dead-load in liquor streams, plugging of the upper part of the recovery boiler and decreasing efficiency in the causticization department. Efficient green liquor clarification is of the greatest importance as an efficient kidney for many NPE. Mill data and calculations show that the magnesium added in the oxygen delignification does not form a closed loop.Integration of a prehydrolysis kraft pulp mill producing dissolving pulp with a plant producing viscose textile fiber could be highly beneficial. The prehydrolysis liquor will contain both sugars and acetic acid. It is however not possible to fully replace the sulphuric acid of the viscose spinning bath with acetic acid of own production. The sulphuric chemicals from the viscose plant can be partly taken care of in the kraft recovery area as well as the viscose plant which can be supplied with alkali and sulphuric acid. Zinc-containing effluents from the viscose plant can be treated with green liquor to precipitate zinc sulphide.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Moraes Holst, Luiza, et al.
(författare)
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Downregulated Mucosal Autophagy, Alpha Kinase-1 and IL-17 Signaling Pathways in Active and Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7023. ; 15, s. 129-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Improved mucosal immune profiling in active and quiescent colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is needed to develop therapeutic options for treating and preventing flares. This study therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive mucosal characterization with emphasis on immunological host response of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC active), UC during remission (UC remission) and active colonic Crohn's disease (CD active).Methods: Colonic biopsies from 47 study subjects were collected for gene expression and pathway analyses using the NanoString host-response panel, including 776 genes and 56 immune-related pathways.Results: The majority of mucosal gene expression and signaling pathway scores were increased in active IBD (n=27) compared to healthy subjects (n=10). However, both active IBD and UC remission (n=10) demonstrated decreased gene expression and signaling pathway scores related to autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways compared to healthy subjects. Further, UC remission was characterized by decreased scores of several signaling pathways linked to homeostasis along with increased mononuclear cell migration pathway score as compared to healthy subjects. No major differences in the colonic mucosal gene expression between CD active (n=7) and UC (n=20) active were observed.Conclusion: This study indicates that autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways are persistently downregulated in UC irrespective of disease activity. Further, UC patients in remission present a unique mucosal environment, potentially preventing patients from reaching and sustaining true homeostasis. These findings may enable better comprehension of the remitting and relapsing pattern of colonic IBD and guide future treatment and prevention of flares.
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| 7. |
- Moraes, Luiza, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammatory Protein Profiles Distinguish Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Ulcerative Colitis, Irrespective of Inflammation or IBS-Like Symptoms.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Inflammatory bowel diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1536-4844 .- 1078-0998. ; 26:6, s. 874-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may overlap or are part of different spectrums. However, potential links between inflammation and IBS-like symptoms in these patient groups are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if the systemic inflammatory protein (SIP) profiles differ between UC patients, with presence of inflammation or in remission with or without IBS-like symptoms, and IBS patients.Serum from patients with active UC (UCA), UC patients in remission with or without IBS-like symptoms (UCR+IBS, UCR-IBS), IBS patients (IBS), and healthy subjects (HS) was analyzed using the ProSeek Multiplex Inflammation kit, which detects 92 proteins.The exploratory cohort consisted of 166 subjects (UCA, n = 40; UCR-IBS, n = 45; UCR+IBS, n = 20; IBS, n = 40; HS, n = 21). Systemic inflammatory protein profiles separated UC from non-UC (HS and IBS) patients in multivariate analysis, revealing caspase 8, axin 1, sulfotransferase 1A1, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 as the variables most important to clustering. Although minor differences were detected between UCR+IBS and UCR-IBS, SIP profiles discriminated UCA from UCR, and interleukin (IL) 17C, IL17A, chemokine ligand 9, and transforming growth factor-α characterized active inflammation. SIP profiles weakly discriminated HS from IBS, although fibroblast growth factor 21 and IL6 serum levels were higher in IBS. Results were confirmed in a validation cohort (UCA, n = 15; UCR+IBS, n = 9; IBS, n = 14).SIP profiles distinguish UC patients from IBS patients, irrespective of inflammation or IBS-like symptoms, suggesting that inflammatory mechanisms of the diseases are part of different spectrums.
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| 8. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 9. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 10. |
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2002 års män och kvinnor : medborgare rapporterar om hemlöshet
- 2003
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2002 a group of men and women, coming from different professions but sharing an interest in social issues, joined together in a Citizens' Study (medborgarundersökning) in the Swedish city of Malmö. They were inspired by a classic Swedish citizens' study "Men of 1912" (1912 års män) which was a clandestine field study of the deplorable conditions in Stockholm's hostels in 1912. This book is a compilation of the various reports written by the men and women of 2002. Over a period of several months they visited different places in Malmö where homeless people live and spend their lives. The reports provide us with different images of homelessness, from tent camps, hideouts in public parks, cheap hotels and shelters to overpopulated apartment buildings in the suburbs. It accounts for the City Council's expensive policy of solving the problems through putting up homeless in hotel rooms on a long-term basis. Striking in the reports is the frustration of the men and women of 2002 when they are confronted with access problems to shelters, and with the demeaning and contemptuous treatment of homeless people. As a method for social research the citizen's study does not have the theoretical and methodological consistency of the scientific study. However, it oversteps social borders and promotes social integration in a way that scientific studies were never able to do. The men and women of 2002 were drawn into the process, and formed private social relationships with homeless people and their places. Apart from the reports of the men and women of 2002, the book also includes a re-print of the edited version of the report of the men of 1912 published in Social Tidskrift 1913.
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