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- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Bra liv i Gårdsten: När invånarna själva för råda
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver ett projekt som drivs av några invånare från Gårdsten och en forskargrupp från Göteborgs Universitet och Västra Götalandsregionen. Målet för projektet är att identifiera vad som gör att man kan leva ett gott och hälsosamt liv i Gårdsten samt att föreslå och initiera förändringar. Vi har vid ett antal träffar pratat om hur vardagen fungerar i Gårdsten, vad som är bra för hälsan och vad som skulle kunna förbättras. I den processen har vi använt en forskningsmetod som innebär att alla ska kunna komma till tals och påverka (GLA – Group Level Assessment). I slutet av varje träff har vi tillsammans bestämt hur vi går vidare och forskargruppen har dokumenterat och sammanställt det som hänt. Bland annat har vi haft en utställning, där vi bjöd in fler invånare och företrädare för myndigheter och organisationer i Gårdsten. Dessa aktiviteter har resulterat i förslag på konkreta insatser. Fler mötesplatser behövs och kommunikationen mellan människorna kan bli mycket bättre. Det har också framkommit att tryggheten och känslan av tillhörighet behöver stärkas. Önskemålen om bättre kommunikation, trygghet och tillhörighet har i sin tur har lett till att några jobbar vidare på att öppna ett språkkafé. En grupp har också tagit initiativ till att bjuda in representanter för hälso- och sjukvården för att prata om munhälsa respektive hälsosam mat. Detta var lätt att ordna eftersom både Folktandvården och Angereds Närsjukhus har sådant utåtriktat arbete som en del av sina uppdrag. Genom projektet tas alltså dessa resurser nu i bruk av invånarna. Slutligen kan man säga om detta projekt att det startat idéer, diskussioner och handlingar som förhoppningsvis kommer att fortsätta bidra till Gårdstens utveckling.
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- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957
(författare)
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Bortfallet och folkhälsan. Rapport från konferensen "Varför svarar de inte på våra frågor?"
- 2015
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 92:1, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forte höll i november 2013 ovan nämnda konferens vilken behandlade bortfall i befolkningsenkäter om hälsorelaterade frågor. Moderator var Anna Bessö. Bortfallsfrekvensen tenderar att stiga och är dessutom snedfördelad på ett så- dant sätt att strävan efter en jämlik hälsa motverkas. Kenneth Rothman argumenterade för att representativitet i sig inte är något eftersträvansvärt. Per-Olof Östergren, Mats Thorslund och Lauren Lissner illustrerade hur snedrekrytering kan leda till felaktiga slutsatser. Bengt Järvholm beskrev hur strävan efter höga deltagarsiffror kan kollidera med etiska principer, särskilt med avseende på autonomi. Marika Wenemark underströk betydelsen av att inkludera respondenternas perspektiv vid planeringen av studier. Små studier med noggrant genomförd riktad rekrytering, ”snöbollsmetoden”, webb-baserade samt översatta instrument lyftes fram som metoder för att bredda rekrytering. In November 2013 Forte hosted this conference with the theme nonparticipation in public health studies, chaired by Anna Bessö. Nonparticipation rates tend to increase and are commonly biased in a way that counteracts strive for health equity. Kenneth Rothman argued that representativity is not a goal per se. Per-Olof Östergren, Mats Thorslund and Lauren Lissner illustrated that participation bias may distort study results. Bengt Järvholm described how strive for high participation rates may collide with ethical aspects, especially concerning autonomy. Marika Wenemark underscored the importance of including the respondents’ perspective in study design. Small studies with carefully conducted recruitment, respondent driven sampling, webb-based and translated instruments were highlighted as methods to increase and improve recruitment.
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- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood obesity and prevention in different socio-economic contexts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Preventive medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 53:6, s. 402-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess recent trends in obesity, health beliefs, and lifestyles in Swedish schoolchildren, with focus on socioeconomic disparities. The study was conducted in two areas with high and low socioeconomic status (SES). 340 11-12 year olds participated in three cross-sectional surveys assessing food-related behaviours, physical activity and health beliefs, together with anthropometric examinations. Comparisons were made before and after a community-based intervention (2003 versus 2008) within the low-SES school, and between the low and high-SES school (2008 only). In the low-SES school BMI z-score decreased over 5 years (0.80 vs 0.46) as did the percentage of children frequently consuming sweet drinks (43.5 vs 26.8%), statistically significant in girls only (p<0.05). Children increasingly perceived benefits of healthy life-styles (37 vs 55%). In 2008, consumption of breakfast, vegetables, sweets and sweet drinks differed between schools, as did screen-time and physical activity, all in favour of the high SES-school where the obesity-prevalence was significantly lower (0.8 vs 6.7%). Positive changes in diet and weight status were observed, especially in girls, within a low-income multi-ethnic community undergoing a health promotion intervention. Our results underscore the multifactorial etiology of childhood obesity and the importance of continuing tailored, gender-sensitive prevention efforts.
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- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957
(författare)
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Childhood obesity prevention in the context of socio-economic status and migration
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Childhood obesity prevention in the context of socio-economic status and migration Maria Magnusson, Department of Public Health and Community, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. Background and aim The childhood obesity epidemic seems to be levelling out but groups with low socio-economic status (SES) remain disadvantaged in this context. Successful community–based prevention should be targeted and adopt a health promotion approach. To reach and maintain a healthy weight, children at risk for overweight and obesity (OW) need skills to understand the meaning of information and messages related to energy balance. The general aim of this thesis is to explore the prerequisites for prevention of childhood obesity, focusing on areas with low SES and many immigrants and refugees. Specific aims are: (i) to explore dietary patterns, physical activity (PA), perceived relationships between lifestyle and health and OW prevalence among children in areas with different SES; (ii) to assess secular trends in these variables among children in a low-SES community and (iii) to investigate school nurses’ counselling of OW pupils in multilingual settings. Methods Surveys were conducted in January 2003 and 2008. A school in a residential area with low SES and many refugees was surveyed at both times. A school in an area with high SES was surveyed in 2008 only. All pupils in the fifth and sixth grades (n=347) were invited to participate. The surveys consisted of a questionnaire and interview covering habitual dietary pattern, PA and belief in ability to affect health; weight and height were also measured. Comparisons were made between the high- and low- SES school (2008) and, for the school in the area with low SES, between 2008 and 2003. To investigate current practice in school nurses’ supportive work, theme-oriented discourse analysis and qualitative content analysis were undertaken, based on 22 audio recordings from eight school nurses’ counselling sessions with 20 OW children. The quantitative distribution of the discourse space was analysed statistically. Results In 2003, 31% of the children were OW. About half of the children thought they could benefit from a healthy lifestyle at this time. Many children reported a high intake of sugar-rich products. In 2008, compared to 2003, significantly more children in the same low-SES school believed that their lifestyle could affect their health. Furthermore, a downward shift in BMI z-score and decreased intake of sugar were only significant for girls and the prevalence of obesity had decreased non-significantly in both genders. In the high-SES school, the corresponding prevalence in 2008 was significantly lower. Numerous lifestyle habits differed between the schools, all in favour of the high-SES school. Qualitative analyses suggested that misunderstandings in school nurses’ counselling with OW pupils originated from their belief that they knew what advice the pupils needed, insensitivity to the pupils’ concerns and poor linguistic comprehension. Nurses occasionally provided inadequate/inappropriate explanations about food and exercise. Inadequate skills in managing the process of enabling children and their parents were observed. Counselling families with languages and food cultures differing from the traditional Swedish ones met with additional difficulties. Conclusions Differences in obesity prevalence and many lifestyle parameters between children living in areas with varying SES may partly be regarded as a consequence of a society that fails to meet the needs of some of its inhabitants. The studies in this thesis suggest that preventive interventions should be developed and implemented in cooperation with the targeted groups. Measures should be taken to ensure that interpreters are available when needed. To enhance person-centred counselling, school nurses need improved nutritional knowledge and communication skills. To accomplish this, they should be provided with opportunities to cooperate with other professions. Keywords: BMI z-score, childhood obesity, counselling, dietary pattern, health belief, migration, physical activity, school nurses, socio-economic status, prevention ISBN: 978–91–628–8215–0
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- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling overweight children to improve their food and exercise habits - school nurses counselling in multilingual settings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 21:17-18, s. 2452-2460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. The study aimed at analysing school nurses counselling of overweight and obese children in settings with many immigrants, focusing on content concerning food and physical activity and how this was communicated. Background. For people with a predisposition for overweight, the weight control process requires cognitive skills. School nurses counselling of overweight children has the potential to support this process by enabling personal resources in the children and their families. However, there is uncertainty among nurses about how to conduct supportive counselling. Design. An explorative design was used when collecting and analysing data. Method. Twenty-two counselling sessions between eight school nurses and 20 overweight children were audio-recorded and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Most of the participating schools represented areas with low socioeconomic status and a high proportion of immigrants and refugees. Results. Less adequate skills in enabling resources in the children and their parents were observed. Concurrently, school nurses provided inadequate explanations about food and physical activity. Topics related to general nutrition models were frequently communicated as general advice instead of individually tailored counselling. Counselling families with other languages and food cultures than the traditional Swedish created additional difficulties. Conclusions. Improved nutritional knowledge for nurses may enhance their skills in enabling childrens and families resources. School nurses should be provided with opportunities to cooperate with other professions in counteracting overweight. Relevance to clinical practice. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between content skills and person-centeredness in the counselling. This highlights the importance of inter-professional collaboration to ensure a high quality of lifestyle counselling. School health authorities should give high priority to facilitating school nurses evidence-based continuing education.
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| 10. |
- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Health Equilibrium Initiative: a public health intervention to narrow the health gap and promote a healthy weight in Swedish children
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inequity in health is a global concern. Even in Sweden there are considerable health gaps between different social groups, not least concerning life-style related conditions. Interventions drawing on Community-based participatory research (CBPR) have potential to build prerequisites for complex, supportive structures that constitute basis for implementation of sustainable health promoting programs. CBPR rests on principles of empowerment. The researchers are responsible for the scientific quality and that ethical standards are met. Health Equilibrium Initiative (HEI) aims at narrowing the health gap and promoting healthy weight in children; "healthy weight" including both anthropometric criteria and aspects having to do with self-esteem and self-efficacy. Evaluation objectives are to compare outcome between children in intervention and control areas, conduct health economic assessments (HEA) and evaluate the processes of the project. Methods/design: HEI is a repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The Program Logic Model is based on Social Cognitive Theory and Intervention Mapping. Primary contact groups are children in disadvantaged communities. Core efforts are to confirm and convey knowledge, elucidate and facilitate on-going health work and support implementation of continuous health work. Socioeconomic status is assessed on area level by the parameters yearly average income, degree of employment, tertiary education and percent of inhabitants born in countries where violent conflicts recently have taken place or were ongoing. Anthropometry, food patterns, physical activity and belief in ability to affect health; together with learning, memory and attention assessment will be assessed in 350 children (born 2006). Examinations will be repeated after two years, forming the basis of a health economic analysis. The process evaluation procedure will use document analysis (such as structured reports from meetings and dialogues, school/workplaces policies and curriculum, food service menus); key informant interviews and focus groups with parents, children and professionals. Discussion: Inviting, awaiting and including local perspectives create mutual confidence and collaboration. Enhanced self-efficacy and access to relevant knowledge has potential to enable individuals and communities to choose alternatives that are relevant for their health and well-being in a long perspective. The economic of this study may contribute in decision-making processes regarding appropriate public health interventions.
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