| 1. |
- Fatima, Anis, et al.
(författare)
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Synchrotron tomography of magnetoprimed soybean plant root system architecture grown in arsenic-polluted soil
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study evaluated the repercussions of magnetopriming on the root system architecture of soybean plants subjected to arsenic toxicity using synchrotron radiation source based micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT). This will be used evey where as abbreviation for the technique for three-dimensional imaging. Seeds of soybean were exposed to the static magnetic field (SMF) of strength (200 mT) for 1h prior to sowing. Magnetoprimed and non-primed seeds were grown for 1 month in a soil-sand mixture containing four different levels of sodium arsenate (0, 5, 10, and 50 mg As kg−1 soil). The results showed that arsenic adversely affects the root growth in non-primed plants by reducing their root length, root biomass, root hair, size and number of root nodules, where the damaging effect of As was observed maximum at higher concentrations (10 and 50 mg As kg−1 soil). However, a significant improvement in root morphology was detected in magnetoprimed plants where SMF pretreatment enhanced the root length, root biomass, pore diameter of cortical cells, root hair formation, lateral roots branching, and size of root nodules and girth of primary roots. Qualitative analysis of x-ray micro-CT images showed that arsenic toxicity damaged the epidermal and cortical layers of the root as well as reduced the pore diameter of the cortical cells. However, the diameter of cortical cells pores in magnetoprimed plants was observed higher as compared to plants emerged from non-primed seeds at all level of As toxicity. Thus, the study suggested that magnetopriming has the potential to attenuate the toxic effect of As and could be employed as a pre-sowing treatment to reduce the phytotoxic effects of metal ions in plants by improving root architecture and root tolerance index. This study is the very first exploration of the potential benefits of magnetopriming in mitigating the toxicity of metals (As) in plant roots utilizing the micro-CT technique.
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| 2. |
- Mahawar, Lovely, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on photosynthesis and physiology of Raphanus sativus L. under salinity stress
- 2024
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Ingår i: Plant physiology and biochemistry (Paris). - : Elsevier. - 0981-9428 .- 1873-2690. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study evaluates the impact of two metal oxide nanoparticles: copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on the growth and physiology of Raphanus sativus L. (radish) under salinity stress. Fifteen days old seedlings of R. sativus were subjected to different concentrations of salt stress (0 mM, 150 mM, and 300 mM NaCl) alone and in interaction with 100 mgL−1 metal oxide nanoparticle treatments (CuO and ZnO NPs via foliar spray) for 15 days. The results confirmed the severe effects of salinity stress on the growth and physiology of radish plants by decreasing nutrient uptake, leaf area, and photosystems photochemistry and by increasing proline accumulation, anthocyanin, flavonoids content, and antioxidant enzyme activities which is directly linked to increased oxidative stress. The foliar application of CuO and ZnO NPs alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress on radish plants, as indicated by improving these attributes. Foliar spray of ZnO NPs was found efficient in improving the leaf area, photosynthetic electron transport rate, the PSII quantum yield, proton conductance and mineral content in radish plants under NaCl stress. Besides, ZnO NPs decreased the NaCl-induced oxidative stress by declining proline, anthocyanin, and flavonoids contents and enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GOPX). Thus, our study revealed that ZnO NPs are more effective and have beneficial effects over CuO NPs in promoting growth and reducing the adverse effects of NaCl stress in radish plants.
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| 3. |
- Mahawar, Lovely, et al.
(författare)
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GABA as a signalling molecule: Possible mechanism for its enhanced commercial production by cyanobacteria
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Phycology. - : Springer. - 0921-8971 .- 1573-5176. ; 34, s. 2355-2369
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous non-protein amino acid widely distributed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recently, it is gaining momentum to treat several human diseases. It is synthesized from glutamate, by glutamate decarboxylase a key enzyme in GABA shunt pathway and has been considered as one of the important bioactive compounds produced in response to several environmental stresses. GABA works as a signalling molecule that plays crucial role in biological organisms under adverse conditions. So far, the metabolism of GABA is extensively studied in plants and other eukaryotes, although in cyanobacteria GABA is less studied than in other prokaryotes. Hence the present review highlights the metabolic pathways of GABA production in cyanobacteria particularly the possible ways (via modifying the exogenous growth conditions and regulating gene expression) to enhance the endogenous GABA pool and its extraction in cost effective way to meet the rising demand due to its diverse physiological functions on human health. Alternatively, we discuss the effects of various environmental stresses in augmenting intracellular production in algal cells. Besides this, the review also emphasizes on different commercial applications of this compound in various industrial sectors such as pharmaceutical industry, food, beverages and dairy industry, bioplastics and biofuel production.
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| 4. |
- Mahawar, Lovely, et al.
(författare)
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Iron deficiency in plants : an update on homeostasis and its regulation by nitric oxide and phytohormones
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plant growth regulation (Print). - : Springer. - 0167-6903 .- 1573-5087. ; 100, s. 283-299
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants as it involves in several important physiological processes. Understanding iron homeostasis in plants is pivotal, not only for improving their growth and development but also for enhancing human nutrition as plants are the principal dietary source of iron. This calls for the need to enrich bioavailable iron in crops to resolve iron starvation issue especially in low income and rural populations who have limited access to food markets and proper health facilities. The uptake of iron from rhizosphere, its transporters and transcription factors that regulate iron acquisition are well characterized. Here, the present review emphasizes on the role of signalling molecules particularly phytohormones and nitric oxide and their interactive co-ordination in iron homeostasis in agriculturally important crops that grow at pH 6.0-7.5 and have limited access to Fe2+. The involvement of these signalling molecules in up-regulating iron acquisition genes (FRO2 and IRT1), iron translocation to the cellular compartments and accessibility of iron storage which are important for proper iron homeostasis hence can be considered as vital biofortification strategy for crop plants to address hidden hunger.
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| 5. |
- Mahawar, Lovely, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon nanoparticles : comprehensive review on biogenic synthesis and applications in agriculture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advancements in nanotechnology have opened new advances in agriculture. Among other nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), due to their unique physiological characteristics and structural properties, offer a significant advantage as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanozeolite and targeted delivery systems in agriculture. Silicon nanoparticles are well known to improve plant growth under normal and stressful environments. Nanosilicon has been reported to enhance plant stress tolerance against various environmental stress and is considered a non-toxic and proficient alternative to control plant diseases. However, a few studies depicted the phytotoxic effects of SiNPs on specific plants. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive research, mainly on the interaction mechanism between NPs and host plants to unravel the hidden facts about silicon nanoparticles in agriculture. The present review illustrates the potential role of silicon nanoparticles in improving plant resistance to combat different environmental (abiotic and biotic) stresses and the underlying mechanisms involved.Furthermore, our review focuses on providing the overview of various methods exploited in the biogenic synthesis of silicon nanoparticles. However, certain limitations exist in synthesizing the well-characterized SiNPs on a laboratory scale. To bridge this gap, in the last section of the review, we discussed the possible use of the machine learning approach in future as an effective, less labour-intensive and time-consuming method for silicon nanoparticle synthesis. The existing research gaps from our perspective and future research directions for utilizing SiNPs in sustainable agriculture development have also been highlighted.
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| 6. |
- Ramasamy, Kesava Priyan, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive insights on environmental adaptation strategies in Antarctic bacteria and biotechnological applications of cold adapted molecules
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change and the induced environmental disturbances is one of the major threats that have a strong impact on bacterial communities in the Antarctic environment. To cope with the persistent extreme environment and inhospitable conditions, psychrophilic bacteria are thriving and displaying striking adaptive characteristics towards severe external factors including freezing temperature, sea ice, high radiation and salinity which indicates their potential in regulating climate change’s environmental impacts. The review illustrates the different adaptation strategies of Antarctic microbes to changing climate factors at the structural, physiological and molecular level. Moreover, we discuss the recent developments in “omics” approaches to reveal polar “blackbox” of psychrophiles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of bacterial communities. The psychrophilic bacteria synthesize distinctive cold-adapted enzymes and molecules that have many more industrial applications than mesophilic ones in biotechnological industries. Hence, the review also emphasizes on the biotechnological potential of psychrophilic enzymes in different sectors and suggests the machine learning approach to study cold–adapted bacteria and engineering the industrially important enzymes for sustainable bioeconomy.
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| 7. |
- Ramasamy, Kesava Priyan, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with salt stress-interaction of halotolerant bacteria in crop plants : a mini review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salinity is one of the major environmental abiotic stress factors that limit the growth and yield of crop plants worldwide. It is crucial to understand the importance of several adaptive mechanisms in plants toward salt stress so as to increase agricultural productivity. Plant resilience toward salinity stress is improved by cohabiting with diverse microorganisms, especially bacteria. In the last few decades, increasing attention of researchers has focused on bacterial communities for promoting plant growth and fitness. The biotechnological applications of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) gained widespread interest for their numerous metabolites. This review provides novel insights into the importance of halotolerant (HT) bacteria associated with crop plants in enhancing plant tolerance toward salinity stress. Furthermore, the present review highlights several challenges of using HT-PGPR in the agricultural field and possible solutions to overcome those challenges for sustainable agriculture development in the future.
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