| 1. |
- Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al.
(författare)
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Aspen SUCROSE TRANSPORTER3 Allocates Carbon into Wood Fibers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 163, s. 1729-1740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood formation in trees requires carbon import from the photosynthetic tissues. In several tree species, including Populus species, the majority of this carbon is derived from sucrose (Suc) transported in the phloem. The mechanism of radial Suc transport from phloem to developing wood is not well understood. We investigated the role of active Suc transport during secondary cell wall formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). We show that RNA interference-mediated reduction of PttSUT3 (for Suc/H+ symporter) during secondary cell wall formation in developing wood caused thinner wood fiber walls accompanied by a reduction in cellulose and an increase in lignin. Suc content in the phloem and developing wood was not significantly changed. However, after (CO2)-C-13 assimilation, the SUT3RNAi lines contained more C-13 than the wild type in the Suc-containing extract of developing wood. Hence, Suc was transported into developing wood, but the Suc-derived carbon was not efficiently incorporated to wood fiber walls. A yellow fluorescent protein: PttSUT3 fusion localized to plasma membrane, suggesting that reduced Suc import into developing wood fibers was the cause of the observed cell wall phenotype. The results show the importance of active Suc transport for wood formation in a symplasmically phloem-loading tree species and identify PttSUT3 as a principal transporter for carbon delivery into secondary cell wall-forming wood fibers.
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| 2. |
- Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al.
(författare)
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C-13 Tracking after (CO2)-C-13 Supply Revealed Diurnal Patterns of Wood Formation in Aspen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 168, s. 478-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood of trees is formed from carbon assimilated in the photosynthetic tissues. Determining the temporal dynamics of carbon assimilation, subsequent transport into developing wood, and incorporation to cell walls would further our understanding of wood formation in particular and tree growth in general. To investigate these questions, we designed a (CO2)-C-13 labeling system to study carbon transport and incorporation to developing wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula 3 tremuloides). Tracking of C-13 incorporation to wood over a time course using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed diurnal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis. The dark period had a differential effect on C-13 incorporation to lignin and cell wall carbohydrates. No C-13 was incorporated into aromatic amino acids of cell wall proteins in the dark, suggesting that cell wall protein biosynthesis ceased during the night. The results show previously unrecognized temporal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis, suggest diurnal cycle as a possible cue in the regulation of carbon incorporation to wood, and establish a unique C-13 labeling method for the analysis of wood formation and secondary growth in trees.
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| 3. |
- Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al.
(författare)
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Sucrose transport and carbon fluxes during wood formation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 164, s. 67-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood biosynthesis defines the chemical and structural properties of wood. The metabolic pathways that produce the precursors of wood cell wall polymers have a central role in defining wood properties. To make rational design of wood properties feasible, we need not only to understand the cell wall biosynthetic machinery, but also how sucrose transport and metabolism in developing wood connect to cell wall biosynthesis and how they respond to genetic and environmental cues. Here, we review the current understanding of the sucrose transport and primary metabolism pathways leading to the precursors of cell wall biosynthesis in woody plant tissues. We present both old, persistent questions and new emerging themes with a focus on wood formation in trees and draw upon evidence from the xylem tissues of herbaceous plants when it is relevant.
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| 4. |
- Agnihotri, Swarnima, et al.
(författare)
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A Glimpse of the World of Volatile Fatty Acids Production and Application : A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 13:1, s. 1249-1275
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable provision of chemicals and materials is undoubtedly a defining factor in guaranteeing economic, environmental, and social stability of future societies. Among the most sought-after chemical building blocks are volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have numerous industrial applications supporting from food and pharmaceuticals industries to wastewater treatment. The fact that VFAs can be produced synthetically from petrochemical derivatives and also through biological routes, for example, anaerobic digestion of organic mixed waste highlights their provision flexibility and sustainability. In this regard, this review presents a detailed overview of the applications associated with petrochemically and biologically generated VFAs, individually or in mixture, in industrial and laboratory scale, conventional and novel applications.
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| 5. |
- Asadollahzadeh, Mohammadtaghi, et al.
(författare)
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Application of Fungal Biomass for the Development of New Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal biomass (FB), a by-product of the fermentation processes produced in large volumes, is a promising biomaterial that can be incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to develop enhanced biocomposites that fully comply with the biobased circular economy concept. The PLA/FB composites, with the addition of triethyl citrate (TEC) as a biobased plasticizer, were fabricated by a microcompounder at 150 °C followed by injection molding. The effects of FB (10 and 20 wt %) and TEC (5, 10, and 15 wt %) contents on the mechanical, thermal and surface properties of the biocomposites were analyzed by several techniques. The PLA/FB/TEC composites showed a rough surface in their fracture section. A progressive decrease in tensile strength and Young’s modulus was observed with increasing FB and TEC, while elongation at break and impact strength started to increase. The neat PLA and biocomposite containing 10% FB and 15% TEC exhibited the lowest (3.84%) and highest (224%) elongation at break, respectively. For all blends containing FB, the glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures were shifted toward lower values compared to the neat PLA. The incorporation of FB to PLA thus offers the possibility to overcome one of the main drawbacks of PLA, which is brittleness.
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| 6. |
- Bünder, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING 1 is required for wood mechanics and leaf morphology in aspen
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 103:5, s. 1858-1868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose microfibrils synthesized by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE COMPLEXES (CSCs) are the main load‐bearing polymers in wood. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1 (CSI1) connects CSCs with cortical microtubules, which align with cellulose microfibrils. Mechanical properties of wood are dependent on cellulose microfibril alignment and structure in the cell walls, but the molecular mechanism(s) defining these features is unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of CSI1 in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides ) by characterizing transgenic lines with significantly reduced CSI1 transcript abundance. Reduction in leaves (50–80%) caused leaf twisting and misshaped pavement cells, while reduction (70–90%) in developing xylem led to impaired mechanical wood properties evident as a decrease in the elastic modulus and rupture. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicate that microfibril angle was not impacted by the altered CSI1 abundance in developing wood fibres. Instead, the augmented wood phenotype of the transgenic trees was associated with a reduced cellulose degree of polymerization. These findings establish a function for CSI1 in wood mechanics and in defining leaf cell shape. Furthermore, the results imply that the microfibril angle in wood is defined by CSI1 independent mechanism(s).
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| 7. |
- Elyasi, S, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of temperature and styrene concentration on biogas production and degradation characteristics during anaerobic removal of styrene from wastewater
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, styrene was removed anaerobically from wastewaters at temperatures of 35 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 15 degrees C and concentration range of 20-150 ppm in the presence of ethanol as a co-substrate and co-solvent. Maximum styrene removal of 93% was achieved at 35 degrees C. The volatilization of styrene was negligible at about 2% at all experimented temperatures. The average special methane yield (SMY) at 35 degrees C was 4.14- and 225-times higher than that of at T = 25 degrees C and T = 15 degrees C, respectively, but no methane was produced in the absence of ethanol. The proteins content of the soluble microbial product (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was much higher than the carbohydrate content. At styrene concentration > 80 ppm, SMY, SMP, and EPS dropped sharply. The results confirmed the well performance of anaerobic microorganisms in removing styrene from wastewater and biogas production at mesophilic condition.
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| 8. |
- Ferreira, Jorge A., et al.
(författare)
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Waste biorefineries using filamentous ascomycetes fungi : Present status and future prospects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 215:sept, s. 334-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Filamentous ascomycetes fungi have had important roles in natural cycles, and are already used industrially for e.g. supplying of citric, gluconic and itaconic acids as well as many enzymes. Faster human activities result in higher consumption of our resources and producing more wastes. Therefore, these fungi can be explored to use their capabilities to convert back wastes to resources. The present paper reviews the capabilities of these fungi in growing on various residuals, producing lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and production of organic acids, ethanol, pigments, etc. Particular attention has been on Aspergillus, Fusarium, Neurospora and Monascus genera. Since various species are used for production of human food, their biomass can be considered for feed applications and so biomass compositional characteristics as well as aspects related to culture in bioreactor are also provided. The review has been further complemented with future research avenues.[on SciFinder (R)]
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| 9. |
- Harirchi, Sharareh, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Calcium/Magnesium Ratio on the Biomass Production of a Novel Thermoalkaliphilic Aeribacillus pallidus Strain with Highly Heat-Resistant Spores
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hot springs are fascinating extreme environments for the isolation of polyextremophilic microorganisms with extraordinary characteristics. Since polyextremophilic bacterial growth are not as high as routine bacteria, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on biomass and metabolites productions in the newly isolated strain, from Larijan hot spring in Iran. The strain was identified as Aeribacillus pallidus Lhs-10 and deposited as CCUG 72355 and IBRC-M 11202 in Sweden and Iran, respectively. This thermoalkaliphilic strain can grow best at 50 °C, pH 8 and in the presence of 25 g/l NaCl. The physiological characterization of this strain show that [Ca/Mg] ratio affect its growth and biomass production with the best results obtained at the ratio of 2.5. Moreover, lactic and acetic acids production by this strain was affected by pH, aeration, and temperature, where a metabolic shift was detected from lactate to acetate production when the culture was aerated. Besides, its spores could tolerate heating at 80, 85, 90, 95 and 98 °C for 30 min without any reduction in the initial spore population, whereas D-value was defined 50 min at 98 °C. This newly lactic acid-producing strain of A. pallidus can be a promising strain that can be used in the harsh conditions in industrial processes. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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| 10. |
- Hoffmann, Gesa, et al.
(författare)
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Arabidopsis RNA processing body components LSM1 and DCP5 aid in the evasion of translational repression during Cauliflower mosaic virus infection
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press. - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 34:8, s. 3128-3147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infections impose extraordinary RNA stress, triggering cellular RNA surveillance pathways such as RNA decapping, nonsense-mediated decay, and RNA silencing. Viruses need to maneuver among these pathways to establish infection and succeed in producing high amounts of viral proteins. Processing bodies (PBs) are integral to RNA triage in eukaryotic cells, with several distinct RNA quality control pathways converging for selective RNA regulation. In this study, we investigated the role of Arabidopsis thaliana PBs during Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) infection. We found that several PB components are co-opted into viral factories that support virus multiplication. This pro-viral role was not associated with RNA decay pathways but instead, we established that PB components are helpers in viral RNA translation. While CaMV is normally resilient to RNA silencing, dysfunctions in PB components expose the virus to this pathway, which is similar to previous observations for transgenes. Transgenes, however, undergo RNA quality control-dependent RNA degradation and transcriptional silencing, whereas CaMV RNA remains stable but becomes translationally repressed through decreased ribosome association, revealing a unique dependence among PBs, RNA silencing, and translational repression. Together, our study shows that PB components are co-opted by the virus to maintain efficient translation, a mechanism not associated with canonical PB functions.
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