| 1. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 3. |
- Buller, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Reports of the AAAI 2011 Spring Symposia
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The AI Magazine. - : AAAI Press. - 0738-4602. ; 32:3, s. 119-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence presented the 2011 Spring Symposium Series Monday through Wednesday, March 21-23, 2011, at Stanford University. This report summarizes the eight symposia.
|
|
| 4. |
- de la Barre, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Tourism and Arctic Observation Systems : exploring the relationships
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Polar Research. - Tromsö : Co-Action Publishing. - 0800-0395 .- 1751-8369. ; 35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic is affected by global environmental change and also by diverseinterests from many economic sectors and industries. Over the last decade,various actors have attempted to explore the options for setting up integratedand comprehensive trans-boundary systems for monitoring and observing theseimpacts. These Arctic Observation Systems (AOS) contribute to the planning,implementation, monitoring and evaluation of environmental change andresponsible social and economic development in the Arctic. The aim of thisarticle is to identify the two-way relationship between AOS and tourism. On theone hand, tourism activities account for diverse changes across a broad spectrumof impact fields.Onthe other hand, due to its multiple and diverse agents and farreachingactivities, tourism is also well-positioned to collect observational dataand participate as an actor in monitoring activities. To accomplish our goals, weprovide an inventory of tourism-embedded issues and concerns of interest toAOS from a range of destinations in the circumpolar Arctic region, includingAlaska, Arctic Canada, Iceland, Svalbard, the mainland European Arctic andRussia. The article also draws comparisons with the situation in Antarctica. Onthe basis of a collective analysis provided by members of the International PolarTourism Research Network from across the polar regions, we conclude that thepotential role for tourism in the development and implementation of AOS issignificant and has been overlooked.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gelter, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Projekt: Turismpåverkan och turisters upplevelser inom polarturism
- 2010
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Polarturism ökar kraftigt vid båda polarregionerna. Detta har medfört farhågor om negativ miljöpåverkan och ifrågasättande av att taturister till dessa avlägsna och känsliga miljöer. Reglering av polarturism är till stor del branschdriven och vetenskaplig kunskapsaknas om hur turismen sköts och regleras praktiskt på guide- turist ? miljö (GTM) interaktionsnivå. Guiden har en nyckelroll förturisters beteenden, upplevelser och miljöpåverkan. Detta projekt avser att studera GTM interaktionen som grund för vetenskapligtgrundad polarturism policy och guide pedagogik. Genom en vetenskaplig strategi av triangulering med hjälp av både kvalitativa ochkvantitativa metoder som inkluderar direkta och videobaserade observationer, frågeformulär, djupintervjuer ochGPS/actioncam/ögonscanning mätningar, studeras två turismexpeditioner till polartrakterna. Hurtigruten M/S Fram expedition påSvalbard och Antarktis jämförs med en Student-On-Ice expedition i Antarktis med M/S Ushuaia. Vid tidigare pilotstudier harfrågeformulär testats, och GPS/ActionCam/ögonscanning samt video observationer utvecklats och testats på expeditioner iAntarktis. Detta projekt blir den första jämförande studien av GTE interaktioner som kombinerar dessa metoder vid bådapolarområdena.
|
|
| 6. |
- Guo, Jingtao, et al.
(författare)
-
Chromatin and Single-Cell RNA- Seq Profiling Reveal Dynamic Signaling and Metabolic Transitions during Human Spermatogonial Stem Cell Development
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cell Stem Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 1934-5909 .- 1875-9777. ; 21:4, s. 533-546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human adult spermatogonial stem cells (hSSCs) must balance self-renewal and differentiation. To understand how this is achieved, we profiled DNA methylation and open chromatin (ATAC-seq) in SSEA4(+) hSSCs, analyzed bulk and single-cell RNA transcriptomes (RNA-seq) in SSEA4+ hSSCs and differentiating c-KIT+ spermatogonia, and performed validation studies via immunofluorescence. First, DNA hypomethylation at embryonic developmental genes supports their epigenetic "poising'' in hSSCs for future/embryonic expression, while core pluripotency genes (OCT4 and NANOG) were transcriptionally and epigenetically repressed. Interestingly, open chromatin in hSSCs was strikingly enriched in binding sites for pioneer factors (NFYA/B, DMRT1, and hormone receptors). Remarkably, single-cell RNA-seq clustering analysis identified four cellular/developmental states during hSSC differentiation, involving major transitions in cell-cycle and transcriptional regulators, splicing and signaling factors, and glucose/mitochondria regulators. Overall, our results outline the dynamic chromatin/transcription landscape operating in hSSCs and identify crucial molecular pathways that accompany the transition from quiescence to proliferation and differentiation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór, et al.
(författare)
-
Arctic tourism in times of change : uncertain futures – from overtourism to re-starting tourism
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report presents findings from a workshop where researchers, students, tourism industry representatives, policy makers and entrepreneurs from the Arctic discussed the challenges of overtourism, the impact of COVID-19 and visions for restarting tourism. A key for sustainable management of tourism is that actors are aware that they are part of a wide ranging tourism system that affects how they can tackle ensuing crisis or challenges such as overtourism and undertourism. The COVID-19 hit tourism hard across the Arctic although there are also regional differences. The pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the tourism product and opened a space for reconsidering tourism growth and the negative impacts of tourism on climate, biodiversity and communities. The report argues for the need to build tourism based on tourism-community collaboration.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Maher, Patrick T., et al.
(författare)
-
Artic Tourism : Definitions and Resources
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Arctic Yearbook. - 2298-2418. ; 2014, s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses human capital in the Arctic in relation to tourism. More specifically, with an ever-increasing number oftourists recognizing the attractiveness of the Arctic, tour companies are increasingly recognizing the opportunities. The media(typically southern media) sells the image, either before or after the tourists arrive, and communities are often left to deal with therepercussions – whether those are social, economic, environmental, or the like. Many of the repercussions are negative; however,even when perceived as positive they can create tensions within small communities and showcase a variety of capacity issues.This paper focuses on the realities and possibilities of tourism in the Arctic. It offers an up-to-date descriptive overview of tourismnumbers and valuations. In addition, ‘realities’ also focuses on the current suite of challenges and ‘possibilities’ addresses criticalquestions that need to be asked as tourism grows. We are in an uncertain age and academic critique of the Arctic tourismphenomenon is growing as quickly as the numbers. This paper is almost fully circumpolar in outlook, written by individuals fromthose jurisdictions, and aims to intersect with other sectors active in the Arctic.
|
|
