| 1. |
- Alhalaweh, Amjad, et al.
(författare)
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Computational predictions of glass-forming ability and crystallization tendency of drug molecules
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:9, s. 3123-3132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphization is an attractive formulation technique for drugs suffering from poor aqueous solubility as a result of their high lattice energy. Computational models that can predict the material properties associated with amorphization, such as glass-forming ability (GFA) and crystallization behavior in the dry state, would be a time-saving, cost-effective, and material-sparing approach compared to traditional experimental procedures. This article presents predictive models of these properties developed using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The GFA and crystallization tendency were investigated by melt-quenching 131 drug molecules in situ using differential scanning calorimetry. The SVM algorithm was used to develop computational models based on calculated molecular descriptors. The analyses confirmed the previously suggested cutoff molecular weight (MW) of 300 for glass-formers, and also clarified the extent to which MW can be used to predict the GFA of compounds with MW < 300. The topological equivalent of Grav3_3D, which is related to molecular size and shape, was a better descriptor than MW for GFA; it was able to accurately predict 86% of the data set regardless of MW. The potential for crystallization was predicted using molecular descriptors reflecting Hückel pi atomic charges and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors. The models developed could be used in the early drug development stage to indicate whether amorphization would be a suitable formulation strategy for improving the dissolution and/or apparent solubility of poorly soluble compounds.
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| 2. |
- Alhalaweh, Amjad, et al.
(författare)
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Physical stability of drugs after storage above and below the glass transition temperature : Relationship to glass-forming ability
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 495:1, s. 312-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous materials are inherently unstable and tend to crystallize upon storage. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the physical stability and inherent crystallization tendency of drugs are related to their glass-forming ability (GFA), the glass transition temperature (T-g) and thermodynamic factors. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to produce the amorphous state of 52 drugs [ 18 compounds crystallized upon heating (Class II) and 34 remained in the amorphous state (Class III)] and to perform in situ storage for the amorphous material for 12 h at temperatures 20 degrees C above or below the T-g. A computational model based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was developed to predict the structure-property relationships. All drugs maintained their Class when stored at 20 degrees C below the T-g. Fourteen of the Class II compounds crystallized when stored above the T-g whereas all except one of the Class III compounds remained amorphous. These results were only related to the glass-forming ability and no relationship to e. g. thermodynamic factors was found. The experimental data were used for computational modeling and a classification model was developed that correctly predicted the physical stability above the T-g. The use of a large dataset revealed that molecular features related to aromaticity and pi-pi interactions reduce the inherent physical stability of amorphous drugs.
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| 3. |
- Alzghoul, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and Computational Prediction of Glass Transition Temperature of Drugs
- 2014
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 54:12, s. 3396-3403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass transition temperature (T-g) is an important inherent property of an amorphous solid material which is usually determined experimentally. In this study, the relation between T-g and melting temperature (T-m) was evaluated using a data set of 71 structurally diverse druglike compounds. Further, in silico models for prediction of T-g were developed based on calculated molecular descriptors and linear (multilinear regression, partial least-squares, principal component regression) and nonlinear (neural network, support vector regression) modeling techniques. The models based on T-m predicted T-g with an RMSE of 19.5 K for the test set. Among the five computational models developed herein the support vector regression gave the best result with RMSE of 18.7 K for the test set using only four chemical descriptors. Hence, two different models that predict T-g of drug-like molecules with high accuracy were developed. If T-m is available, a simple linear regression can be used to predict T-g. However, the results also suggest that support vector regression and calculated molecular descriptors can predict T-g with equal accuracy, already before compound synthesis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edueng, Khadijah, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term physical (in)stability of spray-dried amorphous drugs: relationship with glass-forming ability and physicochemical properties
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study shows the importance of the chosen method for assessing the glass-forming ability (GFA) and glass stability (GS) of a drug compound. Traditionally, GFA and GS are established using in situ melt-quenching in a differential scanning calorimeter. In this study, we included 26 structurally diverse glass-forming drugs (i) to compare the GFA class when the model drugs were produced by spray-drying with that when melt-quenching was used, (ii) to investigate the long-term physical stability of the resulting amorphous solids, and (iii) to investigate the relationship between physicochemical properties and the GFA of spray-dried solids and their long-term physical stability. The spray-dried solids were exposed to dry (<5% RH) and humid (75% RH) conditions for six months at 25 °C. The crystallization of the spray-dried solids under these conditions was monitored using a combination of solid-state characterization techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The GFA/GS class assignment for 85% of the model compounds was method-dependent, with significant differences between spray-drying and melt-quenching methods. The long-term physical stability under dry condition of the compounds was predictable from GFA/GS classification and glass transition and crystallization temperatures. However, the stability upon storage at 75% RH could not be predicted from the same data. There was no strong correlation between the physicochemical properties explored and the GFA class or long-term physical stability. However, there was a slight tendency for compounds with a relatively larger molecular weight, higher glass transition temperature, higher crystallization temperature, higher melting point and higher reduced glass transition temperature to have better GFA and better physical stability. In contrast, a high heat of fusion and entropy of fusion seemed to have a negative impact on the GFA and physical stability of our dataset.
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| 6. |
- Edueng, Khadijah, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism-based selection of stabilization strategy for amorphous formulations : Insights into crystallization pathways
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 256, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed a step-by-step experimental protocol using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and a small-scale dissolution apparatus (mu DISS Profiler) to investigate the mechanism (solid-to-solid or solution-mediated) by which crystallization of amorphous drugs occurs upon dissolution. This protocol then guided how to stabilize the amorphous formulation. Indapamide, metolazone, glibenclamide and glipizide were selected as model drugs and HPMC (Pharmacoat 606) and PVP (K30) as stabilizing polymers. Spray-dried amorphous indapamide, metolazone and glibenclamide crystallized via solution-mediated nucleation while glipizide suffered from solid-to-solid crystallization. The addition of 0.001%-0.01% (w/v) HPMC into the dissolution medium successfully prevented the crystallization of supersaturated solutions of indapamide and metolazone whereas it only reduced the crystallization rate for glibenclamide. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation of glipizide and PVP K30, at a ratio of 50:50% (w/w) reduced but did not completely eliminate the solid-to-solid crystallization of glipizide even though the overall dissolution rate was enhanced both in the absence and presence of HPMC. Raman spectroscopy indicated the formation of a glipizide polymorph in the dissolution medium with higher solubility than the stable polymorph. As a complementary technique, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of indapamide and glibenclamide with HPMC was performed. It was revealed that hydrogen bonding patterns of the two drugs with HPMC differed significantly, suggesting that hydrogen bonding may play a role in the greater stabilizing effect on supersaturation of indapamide, compared to glibenclamide.
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| 7. |
- Edueng, Khadijah
(författare)
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Molecular Mechanisms Influencing the Performance of Amorphous Formulations for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crystallisation is a concern for amorphous formulation because it compromises the solubility-enhancing benefit gained from amorphisation. Traditionally, amorphous formulation had been designed primarily based on trial-and-error approach. The success rate for amorphous formulation is unimpressive, due to a poor understanding of the formulation itself, especially with regard to its crystallisation behaviour. Therefore, this thesis aimed to propose a strategic approach for rational design of amorphous formulations, as opposed to the trial-and-error approach. This can be achieved by understanding what drives the crystallisation of amorphous drug, and when and how the amorphous drug crystallises. The information can guide the selection of drugs, excipients and preparation method to achieve amorphous formulations with favourable features.In the first part of the thesis, a systematic protocol was proposed to identify mechanisms via which crystallisation takes place when amorphous drug is dissolved. The stabilisation strategy of supersaturation produced upon dissolution of amorphous drug was then recommended depending on the crystallisation mechanisms. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was used to understand drug-polymer interaction during supersaturation. It was revealed that hydrogen bond interaction is an important in stabilising supersaturation. The factors affecting glass-forming ability and long-term physical stability such as preparation method and humidity were then highlighted in the second study. A follow-up study was performed to elucidate the potential complications in using a standardised differential scanning calorimetry to classify promiscuous glass formers into any specific glass-forming ability/glass stability class. In the subsequent study, the effect of physical aging and/or crystallisation of amorphous drugs during storage on supersaturation potential was addressed. It was shown that, minor crystallisation of amorphous drug upon storage did not have a significant impact on the supersaturation potential during dissolution. Instead, the crystallisation pathway of the amorphous drug during dissolution plays a more important role in determining the supersaturation behaviour of some drugs. Finally, the impact of (i) drug loading on physical stability, supersaturation, drug/polymer miscibility, and (ii) the physical aging and/or crystallisation upon storage on supersaturation potential of spray-dried solid dispersions with HPMC-AS were discussed in the last study. It was observed that the effect of drug loading on physical stability and supersaturation, and the effect of physical aging and/or crystallisation during storage on supersaturation potential is highly drug-dependent. Similarly, the stabilisation effect of HPMC-AS varied across model drugs, drug loadings and crystallisation pathways (i.e. in solid or during dissolution). The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter calculated using MD simulations revealed good miscibility between the drugs and HPMC-AS at drug loadings investigated. In the presence of water molecules, various structural organizations of the drugs and HPMC-AS complexes were observed. Taken together, this thesis provides an improved understanding of crystallisation behaviour of amorphous formulations, which is useful to guide a rational design of amorphous formulations.
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| 8. |
- Edueng, Khadijah, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical Profiling and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Crystallization Effects in Amorphous Formulations
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robust and reliable in vivo performance of medicines based on amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) depend on maintenance of physical stability and efficient supersaturation. However, molecular drivers of these two kinetic processes are poorly understood. Here we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with experimental assessments to explore supersaturation, nucleation, and crystal growth. The effect of drug loading on physical stability and supersaturation potential was highly drug specific. Storage under humid conditions influenced crystallization, but also resulted in morphological changes and particle fusion. This led to increased particle size, which significantly reduced dissolution rate. MD simulations identified the importance of nano-compartmentalization in the crystallization rate of the ASDs. Nucleation during storage did not inherently compromise the ASD. Rather, the poorer performance resulted from a combination of properties of the compound, nanostructures formed in the formulation, and crystallization.
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| 9. |
- Edueng, Khadijah, et al.
(författare)
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Supersaturation Potential of Amorphous Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients after Long-Term Storage
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the effect of physical aging and/or crystallization on the supersaturation potential and crystallization kinetics of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Spray-dried, fully amorphous indapamide, metolazone, glibenclamide, hydrocortisone, hydrochlorothiazide, ketoconazole, and sulfathiazole were used as model APIs. The parameters used to assess the supersaturation potential and crystallization kinetics were the maximum supersaturation concentration (Cmax,app), the area under the curve (AUC), and the crystallization rate constant (k). These were compared for freshly spray-dried and aged/crystallized samples. Aged samples were stored at 75% relative humidity for 168 days (6 months) or until they were completely crystallized, whichever came first. The solid-state changes were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Supersaturation potential and crystallization kinetics were investigated using a tenfold supersaturation ratio compared to the thermodynamic solubility using the µDISS Profiler. The physically aged indapamide and metolazone and the minimally crystallized glibenclamide and hydrocortisone did not show significant differences in their Cmax,app and AUC when compared to the freshly spray-dried samples. Ketoconazole, with a crystalline content of 23%, reduced its Cmax,app and AUC by 50%, with Cmax,app being the same as the crystalline solubility. The AUC of aged metolazone, one of the two compounds that remained completely amorphous after storage, significantly improved as the crystallization kinetics significantly decreased. Glibenclamide improved the most in its supersaturation potential from amorphization. The study also revealed that, besides solid-state crystallization during storage, crystallization during dissolution and its corresponding pathway may significantly compromise the supersaturation potential of fully amorphous APIs.
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| 10. |
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