| 1. |
- Kleineidam, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Methods: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). Results: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Discussion: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.
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| 2. |
- Maier, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Rhetorical Strategies and Effects of Negative Campaigning : A Comparative Study of Political TV-debates in Germany and Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2nd European Communication Conference. ; , s. 1-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although televised debates belong to the most important campaign events in countries where they are being held, there is still a dearth of cross-national studies. This is particularly true with respect to research on both the rhetorical strategies used in, and the effects of, televised debates. Against this background, the purpose of this article is to study the use and effectiveness of negativity as a rhetorical strategy in televised debates in Germany and Sweden. Combining content analyses and experiments using real-time response measurements, the study finds that negative statements are common in both countries, and more so in Sweden than in Germany. With the exception of negative statements in Germany, the debates focused overwhelmingly on issues and policies rather than character. However, the study found no consistent support for the notion that negative messages are more effective than positive messages. There was one important exception though, suggesting the contingent nature of the effectiveness of negativity as rhetorical strategy used in televised debates.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Adam, Silke, et al.
(författare)
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Campaigning Against Europe? : The Role of Euroskeptic Fringe and Mainstream Parties in the 2009 European Parliament Election
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Marketing. - : Routledge. - 1537-7857 .- 1537-7865. ; 12:1, s. 77-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyze political parties' campaign communication during the 2009 European Parliamentary election in 11 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). We study which types of issues Euroskeptic fringe and Euroskeptic mainstream parties put on their campaign agendas and the kind and extent of EU opposition they voice. Further, we seek to understand whether Euroskeptic and non-Euroskeptic parties co-orient themselves toward each other within their national party systems with regard to their campaigns. To understand the role of Euroskeptic parties in the 2009 European Parliamentary elections, we draw on a systematic content analysis of parties' posters and televised campaign spots. Our results show that it is Euroskeptic parties at the edges of the political spectrum who discuss polity questions of EU integration and who most openly criticize the union. Principled opposition against the project of EU integration, however, can only be observed in the UK. Finally, we find indicators for co-orientation effects regarding the tone of EU mobilization: In national political environments where Euroskeptic parties strongly criticize the EU, pro-European parties at the same time publicly advance pro-EU positions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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ICT and Regional Economic Dynamics : A Literature Review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this report is to review the relevant theoretical and empirical literature to provide a conceptual and methodological background for the analysis of the consequences of ICT use and globalisation on the regional economies in the European Union. We highlight the key aspects of ICT as a general purpose technology, discuss the economic impacts of ICT diffusion from macro and micro perspectives, and examine the spatial consequences of ICT diffusion. We focus on regional innovation systems and globalisation in order to propose an organizing framework for the analysis of the impact of ICT diffusion on regional development.
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| 7. |
- Maier, Gunther, et al.
(författare)
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Location/allocation of regional growth
- 2009
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Ingår i: Handbook Of Regional Growth And Development Theories. - 978 1 84720 506 3 - 978 1 84980 084 6 - 978 1 84844 598 7 ; , s. 53-65
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Maier, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Audience Responses to Televised Debates : A Cross-National Study of Germany and Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Association for Media and Communication Research’s Annual Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas televised debates between the main contenders in presidential races or parliamentary elections have a long history in some democracies, they are a rather new phenomena in other countries. There is still rather limited research regarding the processing and the impact of po-litical TV-debates outside of the U.S., and comparative studies in this area are extremely rare. Furthermore, there are virtually no comparative studies on the processing and impact of po-litical TV-debates using RTR-measurements. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to report on a study comparing audience responses to televised debates in Germany during the 2005 election campaign and in Sweden during the 2006 election campaign. Using content analyses, pre- as well as posttest questionnaires and immediate audience re-actions to the debates measured by RTR technique, this paper will compare the overall reac-tions to the debates, to specific parts of the debates, and the size of the effects on the evalua-tions of the candidates. Based on these results, a second purpose of this paper is to discuss the opportunities and limitations of comparative research on perceptions and effects of televised debates.
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| 10. |
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