| 1. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Toolbox from the EC FP7 HOSANNA project for the reduction of road and rail traffic noise in the outdoor environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena 2014, Paris, France. ; , s. 10-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper offers a brief overview of innovative methods for road and rail traffic noise reduction between sourceand receiver. These include using new barrier designs, planting of trees, treatments of ground and road surfacesand greening of building façades and roofs using natural materials, like vegetation, soil and other substrates incombination with recycled materials and artificial elements. The abatements are assessed in terms of numericallypredicted sound level reductions, perceptual effects and cost–benefit analysis. Useful reductions of noise fromurban roads and tramways are predicted for 1-m-high urban noise barriers and these are increased by addinginter-lane barriers. A 3 m wide 0.3 m high lattice ground treatment, a carefully planted 15-m-wide tree belt andreplacing 50 m of paved areas by grassland are predicted to give similar reductions. Tree belts are shown to bevery cost-effective and combining tall barriers with a row of trees reduces the negative impact of wind. Greenroofs may significantly reduce the noise at the quiet side of buildings.
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| 2. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder i utomhusmiljön för att minska buller från väg- och tågtrafik – resultat från EU-projektet HOSANNA
- 2013
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Ingår i: LjudBladet, Svenska akustiska sällskapet. - 1403-2317. ; 3, s. 16-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel ger en kort översikt av bulleråtgärder, resulterande från EU-projektet HOSANNA, för minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik under ljudets utbredning. Dessa verktyg inkluderar användning av ny skärmdesign, plantering av träd, förbättringar av mark- och vägytor samt vegetation på byggnadsfasader och tak, med hjälp av naturmaterial, såsom vegetation, jord och andra substrat i kombination med återvunnet material och artificiella element. De akustiska insättningsdämpningarna bedöms genom numeriska beräkningar, perceptuella effekter och kostnadsnyttoanalys. En betydande minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik förutsägs för ett 1-m-högt urbant bullerskydd. Detta kan förbättras, upp till ca 10 dB insättningsdämpning, genom att placera ytterligare skydd mellan körfälten. Ett 3 m brett och 0,3 m högt rutnät, ett omsorgsfullt planterat 15 m brett trädbälte samt att ersätta 50 meter asfalterad mark med gräsmark förutspås ge bullerminskningar om 5–8 dB, medan användning av fasadvegetation och gröna tak kan minska nivån på innergårdar med upp till ca 4 respektive 7 dB. Trädbälten visar sig vara mycket kostnadseffektiva och kombinationer av höga skärmar med en rad av träd minskar de negativa effekterna av vind på bullerskärmars insättningsdämpning. Gröna tak kan minska bullret på den tysta sidan av byggnader.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Maillard, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Active control of pressure pulsations in piping systems
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fluid-borne vibrations in piping systems remains a serious problem in applications such as marine vessels where mechanical fatigue and radiated noise are critical factors. In the case of pumps or hydraulic engines, the main source of vibrational energy is in the fluid axisymmetric plane wave associated with the system pressure pulsations. Due to fluid/structure coupling, this wave propagates in both the pipe wall and fluid. For high levels of pressure pulsations, the resulting radial and axial wall motion can then cause mechanical fatigue and unwanted radiated noise. Passive pulsations dampers have been used traditionally to reduce the fluid pressure pulses. The use of such passive devices is limited however in critical applications due to the resulting static pressure loss which decreases the system performance. This report describes the design and testing of a non-intrusive fluid wave actuator for the active control of pressure pulses. The actuator consists of a circumferential ring of PZT stacks acting on the pipe outside wall to generate an axisymmetric plane wave in the fluid through radial motion coupling. After briefly describing a simplified model of the actuator along with predicted performances, experimental results will show the control performance of the actuator applied to the discharge line of an oil driven hydraulic engine.
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| 5. |
- Maillard, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Fluid Wave Actuator for the Active Control of Hydraulic Pulsations in Piping Systems
- 1999
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluid-borne vibrations in piping systems remain a serious problem in applications such as marine vessels where mechanical fatigue and radiated noise are critical factors. In the case of pumps or hydraulic engines, the main source of vibrational energy is in the fluid axisymmetric plane wave associated with the system pressure pulsations. Due to fluid/structure coupling, this wave propagates in both the pipe wall and fluid. For high levels of pressure pulsations, the resulting radial and axial wall motion can then cause mechanical fatigue and unwanted radiated noise. Passive pulsations dampers have been used traditionally to reduce the fluid pressure pulses. The use of such passive devices is limited however in critical applications due to the resulting static pressure loss which decreases the system performance. This paper describes the design and testing of a non-intrusive fluid wave actuator for the active control of pressure pulses. The actuator consists of a circumferential ring of PZT stacks acting on the pipe outside wall to generate an axisymmetric plane wave in the fluid. Experimental results estimate the control performance of the actuator applied to the discharge line of an oil driven hydraulic engine.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual effects of noise mitigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction. - : CRC Press. - 9780415675239 ; , s. 195-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise mitigation reduces the audibility of a noise source at the location of the receiver, making the source less annoying and less likely to interfere with activities, such as sleep, rest, and speech. Many mitigation methods change temporal and spectral properties of noise, which may influence perceived annoyance, over and above the effect related to the overall reduction in A-weighted sound pressure level. Noise reduction also may increase the noticeability of other sources, which may influence the perception of the overall acoustic environment. Finally, well-designed noise mitigation solutions may improve the visual environment, e.g., a vegetated noise barrier or earth berm can visually shield the traffic and increase the amount of visible greenery. This chapter provides examples of such perceptual effects of noise mitigation, from effects on perception of the noise itself, via effects on the soundscape, to potential effects on the overall audio-visual environment.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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NOVEL SOLUTIONS FOR QUIETER AND GREENER CITIES
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This brochure summarizes the main findings of the research project “HOlistic and Sustainable Abatement of Noise by optimized combinations of Natural and Artificial means” (HOSANNA). The project aimed to develop a toolbox for reducing road and rail traffic noise in outdoor environments by the optimal use of vegetation, soil, other natural materials and recycled materials in combination with artificial elements.
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| 8. |
- Rowe, Helen M., et al.
(författare)
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KAP1 controls endogenous retroviruses in embryonic stem cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 463, s. 40-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than forty per cent of the mammalian genome is derived from retroelements, of which about one-quarter are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Some are still active, notably in mice the highly polymorphic early transposon (ETn)/MusD and intracisternal A-type particles (IAP). ERVs are transcriptionally silenced during early embryogenesis by histone and DNA methylation (and reviewed in ref. 7), although the initiators of this process, which is essential to protect genome integrity, remain largely unknown. KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein 1, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 28, TRIM28) represses genes by recruiting the histone methyltransferase SETDB1, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and the NuRD histone deacetylase complex, but few of its physiological targets are known. Two lines of evidence suggest that KAP1-mediated repression could contribute to the control of ERVs: first, KAP1 can trigger permanent gene silencing during early embryogenesis, and second, a KAP1 complex silences the retrovirus murine leukaemia virus in embryonic cells. Consistent with this hypothesis, here we show that KAP1 deletion leads to a marked upregulation of a range of ERVs, in particular IAP elements, in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and in early embryos. We further demonstrate that KAP1 acts synergistically with DNA methylation to silence IAP elements, and that it is enriched at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of IAP genomes, where KAP1 deletion leads to the loss of histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), a hallmark of KAP1-mediated repression. Correspondingly, IAP 5'UTR sequences can impose in cis KAP1-dependent repression on a heterologous promoter in ES cells. Our results establish that KAP1 controls endogenous retroelements during early embryonic development.
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| 9. |
- Tinetti, G., et al.
(författare)
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A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 46:1, s. 135-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.
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| 10. |
- Weissbrodt, David G., et al.
(författare)
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PyroTRF-ID : a novel bioinformatics methodology for the affiliation of terminal-restriction fragments using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing data
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 12, s. 306-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In molecular microbial ecology, massive sequencing is gradually replacing classical fingerprinting techniques such as terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) combined with cloning-sequencing for the characterization of microbiomes. Here, a bioinformatics methodology for pyrosequencing-based T-RF identification (PyroTRF-ID) was developed to combine pyrosequencing and T-RFLP approaches for the description of microbial communities. The strength of this methodology relies on the identification of T-RFs by comparison of experimental and digital T-RFLP profiles obtained from the same samples. DNA extracts were subjected to amplification of the 16S rRNA gene pool, T-RFLP with the HaeIII restriction enzyme, 454 tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing, and PyroTRF-ID analysis. Digital T-RFLP profiles were generated from the denoised full pyrosequencing datasets, and the sequences contributing to each digital T-RF were classified to taxonomic bins using the Greengenes reference database. The method was tested both on bacterial communities found in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater samples and in aerobic granular sludge biofilms originating from wastewater treatment systems. Results: PyroTRF-ID was efficient for high-throughput mapping and digital T-RFLP profiling of pyrosequencing datasets. After denoising, a dataset comprising ca. 10'000 reads of 300 to 500 bp was typically processed within ca. 20 minutes on a high-performance computing cluster, running on a Linux-related CentOS 5.5 operating system, enabling parallel processing of multiple samples. Both digital and experimental T-RFLP profiles were aligned with maximum cross-correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.92 for high- and low-complexity environments, respectively. On average, 63 +/- 18% of all experimental T-RFs (30 to 93 peaks per sample) were affiliated to phylotypes. Conclusions: PyroTRF-ID profits from complementary advantages of pyrosequencing and T-RFLP and is particularly adapted for optimizing laboratory and computational efforts to describe microbial communities and their dynamics in any biological system. The high resolution of the microbial community composition is provided by pyrosequencing, which can be performed on a restricted set of selected samples, whereas T-RFLP enables simultaneous fingerprinting of numerous samples at relatively low cost and is especially adapted for routine analysis and follow-up of microbial communities on the long run.
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