| 1. |
- Ekström, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Assisted eating as a communicative activity : A framework of joint attention and co-ordinated embodied actions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders/Equinox. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2040-5111 .- 2040-512X. ; 14:1, s. 79-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to further the understanding of communication involving people with late-stage dementia by highlighting assisted eating as an interactive joint activity. Assisted eating is, on the surface, primarily a care activity with the purpose of feeding the assisted person and thereby facilitating nutritional uptake. Helping someone to eat requires, nevertheless, fine-grained communication and co-ordination of both attention and embodied actions.Method: Using video recordings where a person with late-stage dementia is provided with assistance to eat, we show how assisted eating is sequentially organized into smaller, local communicative projects, and how each project’s completion is contingent upon the temporal co-ordination of the participants’ attention and embodied actions.Results: The analysis shows how actions necessary to carry out the eating (e.g., manipulating the food, bringing the food to the mouth) are also inherently communicative and achieved through an embodied participation framework.Discussion/conclusion: Our findings show that while the caregiving staff perform most of the actions required in the assisted eating, the person with dementia is a central agent whose actions – displays of engagement and disengagement – are decisive for the progression of the eating activity and play central roles in the interactive achievement of the activity
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| 2. |
- Ekström, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Communication and collaboration in dementia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Living with dementia. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137593740 - 9781137593757 ; , s. 93-115
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Ekström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Samarbete och delaktighet
- 2016
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Ingår i: Att leva med demens. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789140691651 ; , s. 55-62
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Engwall, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-cultural perception of robot backchannels
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Robotics and AI. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-9144. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Backchannels, i.e., short interjections by an interlocutor to indicate attention, understanding or agreement regarding utterances by another conversation participant, are fundamental in human-human interaction. Lack of backchannels or if they have unexpected timing or formulation may influence the conversation negatively, as misinterpretations regarding attention, understanding or agreement may occur. However, several studies over the years have shown that there may be cultural differences in how backchannels are provided and perceived and that these differences may affect intercultural conversations. Culturally aware robots must hence be endowed with the capability to detect and adapt to the way these conversational markers are used across different cultures. Traditionally, culture has been defined in terms of nationality, but this is more and more considered to be a stereotypic simplification. We therefore investigate several socio-cultural factors, such as the participants’ gender, age, first language, extroversion and familiarity with robots, that may be relevant for the perception of backchannels.Methods: We first cover existing research on cultural influence on backchannel formulation and perception in human-human interaction and on backchannel implementation in Human-Robot Interaction. We then present an experiment on second language spoken practice, in which we investigate how backchannels from the social robot Furhat influence interaction (investigated through speaking time ratios and ethnomethodology and multimodal conversation analysis) and impression of the robot (measured by post-session ratings). The experiment, made in a triad word game setting, is focused on if activity-adaptive robot backchannels may redistribute the participants’ speaking time ratio, and/or if the participants’ assessment of the robot is influenced by the backchannel strategy. The goal is to explore how robot backchannels should be adapted to different language learners to encourage their participation while being perceived as socio-culturally appropriate.Results: We find that a strategy that displays more backchannels towards a less active speaker may substantially decrease the difference in speaking time between the two speakers, that different socio-cultural groups respond differently to the robot’s backchannel strategy and that they also perceive the robot differently after the session.Discussion: We conclude that the robot may need different backchanneling strategies towards speakers from different socio-cultural groups in order to encourage them to speak and have a positive perception of the robot.
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| 5. |
- Fuster, Carles, 1991-
(författare)
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Lexical Transfer in Pedagogical Translanguaging : Exploring Intentionality in Multilingual Learners of Spanish
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A long-standing pedagogical implication of the traditional monolingual perspective in research and education has been to discourage any use of non-target languages in the L2 classroom as an attempt to reduce ‘interferences’ (i.e., transfer) between learners’ languages. Within the current multilingual paradigm shift, however, it has become clear that multilingualism can be an asset and the positive effects of transfer are acknowledged. The recent theoretical proposal of ‘pedagogical translanguaging’ suggests that teachers may help learners find opportunities to transfer aspects from their languages intentionally, as a resource or creative strategy, by raising their awareness of similarities between their languages.Yet, from an empirical perspective very little is known about (un)intentionality in transfer. This thesis investigates how multilingual language learners use transfer unintentionally versus intentionally and how several potentially important variables may be related to (un)inten-tionality in transfer. The focus is on lexical transfer in the written production of multilingual learners of Spanish in Sweden.Written transfer data were collected from 78 students in heterogeneously multilingual classrooms, including learners with different language backgrounds. Words that were reported (intro- or retrospectively) by a learner to have been transferred from a background language were coded as instances of intentional transfer. Conversely, when non-target-like words that could be traced back to a background language by the researcher were used but not com-mented on by the learner, they were coded as instances of unintentional transfer.A quasi-Poisson regression analysis was employed to test the significance of transfer factors on learners’ amounts of unintentional and intentional transfer. A qualitative lexical analysis was conducted, moreover, to explore how the different types of lexical transfer were manifested depending on whether they were produced unintentionally or intentionally. As a complement to the data, the learners’ teachers were interviewed on their attitudes towards the use of non-target languages in the Spanish lessons.The learners produced lexical transfer both unintentionally and intentionally. A significant tendency was found for intentional transfer to come from L2s rather than from L1s, possibly due to a higher level of metalinguistic knowledge in L2s. A significant tendency was also found for unintentional transfer to occur as a result of crosslinguistic morphological similarity. Additionally, a trend was observed for more multilingual learners to exhibit smaller amounts of unintentional transfer, possibly due to an enhanced conscious control of language use. (Un)intentionality was also found to relate to the different types of lexical transfer (e.g., foreignising, borrowing) in varying ways. The learners’ teachers felt positive about a multilingual instructional approach and often tried to make crosslinguistic comparisons.Apart from shedding light on the dimension of (un)intentionality in lexical transfer, this thesis elaborates on pedagogical translanguaging and the idea of using languages as resources. It suggests that pedagogical linguistic awareness-raising activities should aim not only to help learners find opportunities to use transfer as a strategy, but also to help them avoid certain instances of unintentional transfer, and offers insights into which linguistic aspects such activities could focus on.
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| 6. |
- Güneysu Özgür, Arzu, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Tangible Robot Mediated Co-located Games to Enhance Social Inclusion for Neurodivergent Children
- 2022
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Ingår i: IDC '22. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450391979 ; , s. 536-543, s. 536-543
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodivergent children with cognitive and communicative difficulties often experience a lower level of social integration in comparison to neurotypical children. Therefore it is crucial to understand social inclusion challenges and address exclusion. Since previous work shows that gamified robotic activities have a high potential to enable inclusive and collaborative environments we propose using robot-mediated games for enhancing social inclusion. In this work, we present the design of a multiplayer tangible Pacman game with three different inter-player interaction modalities: semi-dependent collaborative, dependent collaborative, and competitive. The initial usability evaluation and the observations of the experiments show the benefits of the game for creating collaborative and cooperative practices for the players and thus also potential for social interaction and social inclusion. Importantly, we observe that inter-player interaction design affects the communication between the players and their physical interaction with the game.
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| 7. |
- Hydén, Lars-Christer, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Assisted eating in late-stage dementia : Intercorporeal interaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Studies. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier BV. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we argue that investigating and learning about agentive abilities of people living with late-stage dementia requires a theoretical framework that focuses on the use of bodily resources in interpersonal interaction (i.e., intercorporeality) for performing joint activities rather than on solely the use of spoken language. Assisted eating, which involves people living with late-stage dementia and professional carers, is taken as an empirical example. The study is based on observations and video recordings of occasions of assisted eating involving five people with late-stage dementia in a residential elder care home; one of these people is used as an example in this paper. The analysis shows that assisted eating is performed as a joint intercorporeal activity. The participants create joint attentional space and a common space of action for their bodily movements when they give and receive food. The participants engaged in the activity coordinate their bodily moves with each other. The analysis (1) demonstrates that the collaboration between people living with late-stage dementia and nurses is based on practical interdependent and co-operative bodily actions. (2) This makes it possible to better understand agency in terms of intercorporeal interaction displayed by people living with late-stage dementia. (3) The agency demonstrated in intercorporeal interaction is thus considered to be shared and distributed across bodies and requires support to be interactionally achieved. (4) The intercorporeal interaction as grounds for agency not only calls on other participants to note and honor the agency of the person with dementia that is still evident in embodied interaction, but also invites others to support people with dementia to claim and display their agency in social interactions and joint activities.
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| 8. |
- Hydén, Lars-Christer, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Intercorporeal collaboration : Staging, parsing, and embodied directives in dementia care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1363-4593 .- 1461-7196. ; 28:3, s. 352-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows how concerted bodily movements and particularly intercorporeality play a central role in interaction, particularly in joint activities with people with late-stage dementia. Direct involvement of bodies in care situations makes intercorporeal collaboration the basic form for engaging with people with late-stage dementia. By detailed analysis of a videorecording of a joint activity involving a person with late-stage dementia as an example, we show that the process of concerted bodily movements includes not only an interactive bodywork but also a reconfiguration of the routine activities and actions in situ. Reconfigurations often require, and are the outcome of, particular practices for the systematic modification of the embodied conducts of the participants and their use of artifacts in the surrounding environment. These practices, that we highlight in our study, are (1) staging activities through organization and re-organization of body parts, as well as artifacts (rather than using verbal descriptions of activities); (2) decomposing (parsing) activities into smaller parts possible for the person with dementia to perform (rather than using verbal action descriptions); and (3) providing embodied directions and bodily demonstrations of actions (rather than using verbal directives). As a result, we point to these practices for their reflexive roles in the change of the use of modalities in interaction: from mainly using verbal language to the prominence of visual depiction and bodily demonstration as necessary methods to facilitate the participation of people with latestage dementia in joint activities
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| 9. |
- Hydén, Lars-Christer, et al.
(författare)
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'Proto-conversation' as a practice in late-stage dementia care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pragmatics and Society. - : JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING CO. - 1878-9714 .- 1878-9722. ; 15:1, s. 178-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study suggests that the concept of proto-conversation may be used to describe and understand communication with people with late-stage dementia who have lost their abilities to produce verbal language. In the study, a multimodal conversation analytic method is used to analyze sequences of interactions between professional caregivers in an elderly care home and people with late-stage dementia. The study shows how minimal actions (shift of gaze directions, vocalizations or bodily movements) not instantly recognizable as intentional, communicative conduct, may be recognized and treated as communicative contributions by engaging the person living with dementia in proto-conversations. In such interactional sequences, the caregivers do not only turn the contributions of persons with dementia into actions through their responses, but they also treat the persons as agentive actors and position them as partners in interaction.
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| 10. |
- Insulander, Eva, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal analys av klassrumsinteraktion
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här boken ger en introduktion till multimodal analys av klassrumsinteraktion, och vägledning i socialsemiotik respektive etnometodologisk samtalsanalys. De två utgångspunkterna kan antas för att studera interaktion och skapa underlag för analys och tolkning av fenomen som undervisning, lärande och bedömning samt sociala relationer (fenomen som uppmärksammas inom UVK-kurser). Boken redogör för forskningsprocessens olika steg såsom problemformulering, metoder för datainsamling och analys och erbjuder särskilt verktyg för att genomföra praktiknära studier på vetenskaplig grund. I boken presenteras hur två skilda teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkter resulterar i olika undersökningsbara frågor, begreppsanvändning och analysmodeller för studier av interaktion.Här uppmärksammas vikten av ett multimodalt perspektiv på interaktion då språkliga, kroppsliga och materiella aspekter får betydelser för analys och tolkning av olika fenomen.
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