| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Öbiogeografisk teori och bildning av naturreservat
- 1982
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Naturreservat kan betraktas som ekologiska öar i en alltmer påverkad omgivning och därmed bedömas utifrån öbiogeografisk teori. Innebörden av denna teori, som beskriver sambandet mellan ö-storlek och artantal med utgångspunkt från invandrings- resp. utdöendehastigheter presenteras, liksom den debatt som uppstått kring teorin. Analyser demonstrerar ö-teorins giltighet för o lika organismgrupper (fiskar, skalbaggar, kärlväxter) i Sverige. De teoretiska konsekvenserna av förändringar av reservat ytor för antalet fågelarter diskuteras, samt den konflikt som råder mellan intressen företrädande dagens produktionslandskap och ur ö-teoretisk synvinkel önskvärd bildning av reservat. Det aktuella antalet svenska reservat och deras yta, storleksfördelning, former och lokalisering är i ringa samstämmighet med ö-teorin. För att i framtiden ha kvar ett så varierat växt- och djurliv som möjligt måste den totala reservatsytan öka. Man bör avsätta fler större reservat än små, och minska avstånden till andra reservat genom att skapa nya småreservat eller biotopkorridorer. Reservat bör ha så liten omkrets i förhållande till yta som möjligt och vidare, ej nödvändigtvis vara anpassade till aktuella ägogränser.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hladyz, Sally, et al.
(author)
-
Stream ecosystem functioning in an agricultural landscape : the importance of terrestrial-aquatic linkages
- 2011
-
In: Ecosystems in a human-modified landscape. - San Diego : Academic Press. - 9780123747945 ; 44, s. 211-276
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The loss of native riparian vegetation and its replacement with non-native species or grazing land for agriculture is a worldwide phenomenon, but one that is prevalent in Europe, reflecting the heavily-modified nature of the continent's landscape. The consequences of these riparian alterations for freshwater ecosystems remain largely unknown, largely because bioassessment has traditionally focused on the impacts of organic pollution on community structure. We addressed the need for a broader perspective, which encompasses changes at the catchment scale, by comparing ecosystem processes in woodland reference sites with those with altered riparian zones. We assessed a range of riparian modifications, including clearance for pasture and replacement of woodland with a range of low diversity plantations, in 100 streams to obtain a continental-scale perspective of the major types of alterations across Europe. Subsequently, we focused on pasture streams, as an especially prevalent widespread riparian alteration, by characterising their structural (e.g. invertebrate and fish communities) and functional (e.g. litter decomposition, algal production, herbivory) attributes in a country (Ireland) dominated by this type of landscape modification, via field and laboratory experiments. We found that microbes became increasingly important as agents of decomposition relative to macrofauna (invertebrates) in impacted sites in general and in pasture streams in particular. Resource quality of grass litter (e.g., carbon : nutrient ratios, lignin and cellulose content) was a key driver of decomposition rates in pasture streams. These systems also relied more heavily on autochthonous algal production than was the case in woodland streams, which were more detrital based. These findings suggest that these pasture streams might be fundamentally different from their native, ancestral woodland state, with a shift towards greater reliance on autochthonous-based processes. This could have a destabilizing effect on the dynamics of the food web relative to the slower, detrital-based pathways that dominate in woodland streams.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Aquilante, Francesco, et al.
(author)
-
Cholesky decomposition-based multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CD-CASPT2) : application to the spin-state energetics of Co-III(diiminato)(NPh).
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 4:5, s. 694-702
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electronic structure and low-lying electronic states of a Co-III(diiminato)(NPh) complex have been studied using mulficonfigurational wave function theory (CASSCF/CASPT2) The results have been compared to those obtained with density functional theory. The best agreement with ab initio results is obtained with a modified B3LYP functional containing a reduced amount (15%) of Hartree-Fock exchange. A relativistic basis set with 869 functions has been employed in the most extensive ab initio calculations, where a Cholesky decomposition technique was used to overcome problems arising from the large size of the two-electron integral matrix. It is shown that this approximation reproduces results obtained with the full integral set to a high accuracy, thus opening the possibility to use this approach to perform multiconfigurational wave-function-based quantum chemistry on much larger systems relative to what has been possible until now.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aquilante, Francesco, et al.
(author)
-
Software news and update MOLCAS 7 : The Next Generation
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Computational Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0192-8651 .- 1096-987X. ; 31:1, s. 224-247
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some of the new unique features of the MOLCAS quantum chemistry package version 7 are presented in this report. In particular, the Cholesky decomposition method applied to some quantum chemical methods is described. This approach is used both in the context of a straight forward approximation of the two-electron integrals and in the generation of so-called auxiliary basis sets. The article describes how the method is implemented for most known wave functions models: self-consistent field, density functional theory, 2nd order perturbation theory, complete-active space self-consistent field multiconfigurational reference 2nd order perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster methods. The report further elaborates on the implementation of a restricted-active space self-consistent field reference function in conjunction with 2nd order perturbation theory. The average atomic natural orbital basis for relativistic calculations, covering the whole periodic table, are described and associated unique properties are demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of the arbitrary order Douglas-Kroll-Hess transformation for one-component relativistic calculations and its implementation are discussed. This section especially focuses on the implementation of the so-called picture-change-free atomic orbital property integrals. Moreover, the ElectroStatic Potential Fitted scheme, a version of a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics hybrid method implemented in MOLCAS, is described and discussed. Finally, the report discusses the use of the MOLCAS package for advanced studies of photo chemical phenomena and the usefulness of the algorithms for constrained geometry optimization in MOLCAS in association with such studies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bernhard, E, et al.
(author)
-
Perspective: The challenge of ecologically sustainable water management
- 2006
-
In: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 8, s. 475-479
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sustainable water resource management is constrained by three pervasive myths; that societal and environmental water demands always compete with one another; that technological solutions can solve all water resource management problems; and that environmental solutions to protect and maintain freshwater resources are more expensive and less dependable than technological solutions. We argue that conservation and good stewardship of water resources can go a long way toward meeting societal demands and values. Furthermore, water requirements to sustain ecosystem health and biodiversity in rivers and their associated coastal systems can be well aligned with options for human use and deliver a suite of ecosystem goods and services to society. However, to achieve ecologically sustainable water management, we propose several key issues that must be addressed. The objective of this opinion paper is to stimulate discussion across traditional discipline boundaries with the aim of forging new partnerships and collaborations to meet this pressing challenge of ecologically sustainable water management.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, et al.
(author)
-
Injury events in residential areas – risk groups and etiological factors for falling, cutting and poisoning
- 2016
-
In: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Injury events in homes constitute a major social problem. Falling, cutting and poisoning make up 85 per cent of all injury events in residential areas.This study is based on a unique data set that includes several million cases of falling, cutting and poisoning in Sweden during the period 1990-2013 which lead to either to death, hospitalisation or to a visit to a health care provider, and a control group randomly selected from the population.Three riskgroups are given special attention in the analysis: (1) old people, (2) children, (3) persons with disabilities and or long term illnesses.Methods: Multilevel regression analysis and geographical information systems, GIS.Results: The results show the probability for each riskgroup to be exposed to each type of injury event, and how this probability varies with place (GIS), previous exposure, type of household, socioeconomic status and type of housing.Conclusions: The project is ongoing. Our cross-sectorial group has demonstrated the importance of injury epidemiology as a guiding principle in architectural design, particularly for high-risk groups.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
The rise and fall of injury prevention programs in Sweden.
- 2016
-
In: Oral presentation at the 2ned Nordic Meeting, Society for Risk Analysis Europe, in Gothenburg 14-15 november, 2016..
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper is a spin‐off from a project about injury events ‐ falling, cutting and poisoning ‐ in residental settings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Frainer, André, 1982-, et al.
(author)
-
When does diversity matter? : Species functional diversity and ecosystem functioning across habitats and seasons in a field experiment
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 83:2, s. 460-469
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite ample experimental evidence indicating that biodiversity might be an important driver of ecosystem processes, its role in the functioning of real ecosystems remains unclear. In particular, the understanding of which aspects of biodiversity are most important for ecosystem functioning, their importance relative to other biotic and abiotic drivers, and the circumstances under which biodiversity is most likely to influence functioning in nature, is limited. We conducted a field study that focussed on a guild of insect detritivores in streams, in which we quantified variation in the process of leaf decomposition across two habitats (riffles and pools) and two seasons (autumn and spring). The study was conducted in six streams, and the same locations were sampled in the two seasons. With the aid of structural equations modelling, we assessed spatiotemporal variation in the roles of three key biotic drivers in this process: functional diversity, quantified based on a spe- cies trait matrix, consumer density and biomass. Our models also accounted for variability related to different litter resources, and other sources of biotic and abiotic variability among streams. All three of our focal biotic drivers influenced leaf decomposition, but none was important in all habitats and seasons. Functional diversity had contrasting effects on decomposition between habitats and seasons. A positive relationship was observed in pool habitats in spring, associated with high trait dispersion, whereas a negative relationship was observed in riffle habitats during autumn. Our results demonstrate that functional biodiversity can be as significant for functioning in natural ecosystems as other important biotic drivers. In particular, variation in the role of functional diversity between seasons highlights the importance of fluctuations in the relative abundances of traits for ecosystem process rates in real ecosystems.
|
|
