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| 2. |
- Forsberg, Lars A., et al.
(författare)
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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y in peripheral blood is associated with shorter survival and higher risk of cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:6, s. 624-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incidence and mortality for sex-unspecific cancers are higher among men, a fact that is largely unexplained(1,2). Furthermore, age-related loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is frequent in normal hematopoietic cells(3,4), but the phenotypic consequences of LOY have been elusive(5-10). From analysis of 1,153 elderly men, we report that LOY in peripheral blood was associated with risks of all-cause mortality (hazards ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-3.13; 637 events) and non-hematological cancer mortality (HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.56-8.41; 132 events). LOY affected at least 8.2% of the subjects in this cohort, and median survival times among men with LOY were 5.5 years shorter. Association of LOY with risk of all-cause mortality was validated in an independent cohort (HR = 3.66) in which 20.5% of subjects showed LOY. These results illustrate the impact of post-zygotic mosaicism on disease risk, could explain why males are more frequently affected by cancer and suggest that chromosome Y is important in processes beyond sex determination. LOY in blood could become a predictive biomarker of male carcinogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Malmqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärdsprogram för almblombock, 2014–2018 : (Pedostrangalia revestita)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Almblombock (Pedostrangalia revestita) är en långhorning som finns i sydöstra Sverige. Almblombock utvecklas i en speciell typ av brunrötad ved som kan bildas vid skador på levande lövträd. Utvecklingen sker i gränszonen mellan den rötade och den friska veden som finns vid avsågade/brutna grenar och runt håligheter.Arten är främst knuten till alm, men har också påträffats i andra trädslag, bland annat ek. Almblombocken har gått tillbaka till följd av den förändring som skett i landskapet med en likriktning av skogs- och odlingsmark. En minskad areal av främst äldre ädellövskog och nedtagning av rötskadade träd har missgynnat arten.Det största hotet mot arten är minskningen av alm. Sedan 1980-talet har almsjukan slagit hårt mot almarna i Sverige och hundratusen-tals träd har dött, vilket påverkar almblombocken mycket negativt. Bevarandearbetet inriktas p inventeringar, undersökningar och att sköta, restaurera och nyskapa livsmiljöer.
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- Malmqvist, Erik, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Early stopping of clinical trials : Charting the ethical terrain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal (Print). - : Johns Hopkins University Press. - 1054-6863 .- 1086-3249. ; 21:1, s. 57-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decision to terminate a clinical trial earlier than planned isoften described as ethically problematic, but it is rarely systematically analyzedas an ethical issue in its own right. This paper provides an overview of the mainethical considerations at stake in such decisions and of the main tensions betweenthese considerations. Arguments about informed consent and the impact of earlystopping on research and society are explored. We devote particular attentionto a familiar conflict that arises with special urgency when early data suggestthat the experimental treatment is superior. Should the trial be stopped so thatparticipants in the control group will not be allocated a seemingly inferior treatment,or should it continue in pursuit of evidence conclusive enough to improvethe care of future patients? We scrutinize three ways to address this problem.Rather than dissolving the tension, they represent different trade-offs betweenthe respective welfare interests of subjects and future patients.
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| 7. |
- Munthe, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Efter skandalen: ”Gråzoner sätt att blanda bort korten”
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Efter skandalen kring kirurgen på Karolinska Institutet som gjorde experimentella operationer, talas det om gråzoner i lagen. Men detta stämmer inte, utan är ett sätt att blanda bort korten, skriver en rad professorer från sex olika universitet gemensamt.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Christer, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting environmental responses to restoration of rivers used as log floatways : an interdisciplinary challenge
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 8:7, s. 779-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Log floating in the 19th to mid 20th centuries has profoundly changed the environmental conditions in many northern river systems of the world. Regulation of flow by dams, straightening and narrowing of channels by various piers and wing dams, and homogenization of bed structure are some of the major impacts. As a result, the conditions for many riverine organisms have been altered. Removing physical constructions and returning boulders to the channels can potentially restore conditions for these organisms. Here we describe the history of log driving, review its impact on physical and biological conditions and processes, and predict the responses to restoration. Reviewing the literature on comparable restoration efforts and building upon this knowledge, using boreal Swedish rivers as an example, we address the last point. We hypothesize that restoration measures will make rivers wider and more sinuous, and provide rougher bottoms, thus improving land-water interactions and increasing the retention capacity of water, sediment, organic matter and nutrients. The geomorphic and hydraulic/hydrologic alterations are supposed to favor production, diversity, migration and reproduction of riparian and aquatic organisms. The response rates are likely to vary according to the types of processes and organisms. Some habitat components, such as beds of very large boulders and bedrock outcrops, and availability of sediment and large woody debris are believed to be extremely difficult to restore. Monitoring and evaluation at several scales are needed to test our predictions.
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