| 1. |
- Malmström, Mikael, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Diamond waveguides for mid-IR sensing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optics & Photonics in Sweden. ; , s. 1-1
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Van Den Berg, F. D., et al.
(författare)
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Product uniformity control - A research collaboration of european steel industries to non-destructive evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties
- 2018
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Ingår i: Stud. Appl. Electromagn. Mech.. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998358 ; 43, s. 120-129
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In steel manufacturing, the conventional method to determine the mechanical properties and microstructure is by offline, destructive (lab-)characterisation of sample material that is typically taken from the head or the tail of the coil. Since coils can be up to 7 km long, the samples are not always representative for the main coil body. Also, the time delay (typically a few days) between the actual production and the availability of the characterisation results implies that these results cannot be exploited for real-time adaptation of the process settings. Information about the microstructure and material properties can also be obtained from electromagnetic (EM) and ultrasonic (US) parameters, which can be measured in real-time, non-destructively, and over the full length of the steel strip product. With the aim to improve the consistency in product quality by use of inline EM and US measurements, a European project called "Product Uniformity Control" (PUC) has been set up as a broad collaboration between 4 major European Steel Manufacturers and 10 Universities / Research institutes. Using both numerical simulations and experimental characterisations, we study the inline measured EM and US parameters in regard of the microstructural and mechanical properties. In this way, we aim to establish an improved understanding of their mutual relationships, and to apply this knowledge in existing and new nondestructive evaluation techniques. In this paper, the concerted approach of modelling and experimental validation will be addressed, and results of this work will be shown in combination with inline measured data.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Frenk van den, et al.
(författare)
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How the EU project “Online Microstructure Analytics” advances inline sensing of microstructure during steel manufacturing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing (ReJNDT). - Lisabon : NDT.net GmbH & Co. KG. - 2941-4989. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight savings in mobility and transport are mandatory in order to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The steel industry offers weight saving solutions by a growing portfolio of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) products. AHSS owe their strength to their largely refined and complex microstructures, containing multiple metallurgical phases. Optimal control of the thermo-mechanical processing of AHSS requires inline sensors for real-time monitoring of evolution and consistency of microstructure and material properties.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berg, Frenk van den, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the European collaborative project "Product Uniformity Control" to improve the inline sensing of mechanical properties and microstructure of automotive steels
- 2018
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Ingår i: e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing (eJNDT). - 1435-4934. ; 23:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European consortium consisting of four major steel manufacturers and ten academic technology institutes has conducted a research and development project, called “Product Uniformity Control“ (PUC) in the period 2013 to 2017. This project aimed to develop and improve non-destructive (inline) measurement techniques to characterise the (uniformity of the) microstructure of steel strip products. In this project, a multitude of strip steel samples from various stages of production have been collected from the four participating steel manufacturers. The samples have been characterised in various ways, namely on their (1) non-destructive measurement parameters using different techniques suited for inline evaluation, (2) fundamental ultrasonic and electromagnetic properties (wave speed, ultrasonic attenuation, magnetisation loops, coercive field), (3) tensile properties (stress-strain curves) and (4) microstructure (by optical micrographs and EBSD images). The correlations between these different characterisations will be addressed. Besides the experimental characterisation, a strong accent has been on modelling activities: during the project, fundamental models have been developed to describe, starting from 2D and 3D microstructures, the ultrasonic and magnetic properties, which are next used as input to sensor models that predict the output of the inline measurement systems. This contribution presents the recent results of experimental work, which underlines the importance of associated modelling studies for the interpretation of the measurement data for the benefit of inline characterisation of the mechanical properties complementary to traditional destructive tensile testing.
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| 6. |
- Hutchinson, Bevis, et al.
(författare)
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Elasticity and wave velocity in fcc iron (austenite) at elevated temperatures – Experimental verification of ab-initio calculations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ultrasonics. - : Elsevier. - 0041-624X .- 1874-9968. ; 87, s. 44-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High temperature crystal elasticity constants for face centred cubic austenite are important for interpreting the ultrasonic properties of iron and steels but cannot be determined by normal single crystal methods. Values of these constants have recently been calculated using an ab-initio approach and the present work was carried out to test their applicability using laser-ultrasonic measurements. Steel samples having a known texture were examined at temperatures between 800 °C and 1100 °C to measure the velocity of longitudinal P-waves which were found to be in good agreement with modelled values.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hutchinson, Bevis, et al.
(författare)
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High precision measurement of elastic anisotropy in metals
- 2022
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Ingår i: 5th International Workshop on Laser-Ultrasound for Metals.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anisotropy of elastic wave propagation in metals is controlled by texture together with crystalline anisotropy, so laser-ultrasonic measurements can provide valuable information about a material’s underlying elastic phenomena. Evidently, anisotropy cannot be deduced from a single measurement and various approaches have been used to detect and quantify this which are reviewed briefly in the introduction. These include:• Measurements of velocity by rotating the material with respect to the instrument. This is seldom feasible in an industrial environment but we demonstrate how high precision can be achieved this way in laboratory experiments.• Changing the wave path using a masked axicon lens or by deflecting the generating laser using galvano-mirror optics. This latter approach is well suited to industrial application such as in steel processing. Examples of this method will be presented. • Combining different wave types having the same direction of propagation such as S0 and SH0 or S0, SH0 and P waves.• Using P-waves arrivals measured after different numbers of reflections through the thickness of the plate. Although the same fixed positions are used for generation and detection, the successive pulses pass along different directions in the material.The largest uncertainty in LUS generally comes from the measurement of distance between the two laser points. By machining the material into a cylinder using a lathe, the diameter is extremely constant as the specimen is rotated. This has allowed velocities to be measured with a precision of better than 1 part in 10,000. Results on stainless steels show excellent agreement between measured wave velocities and values calculated from the texture. Another application to quenched and tempered martensite is shown below. Tempering between 20°C and 650°C causes reduction in hardness and leads to increases in stiffness and wave velocity but the anisotropy is almost unchanged. The Galvano mirror technique is demonstrated in application to hot rolled steels where many path directions in the material can be rapidly scanned. Finally, we discuss some limitations of texture measurements from ultrasonic measurements.
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