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- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a fragrance system to counter sleepiness at the wheel
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driver fatigue is a major cause of car accidents, and the prevention of fatigue is a major goal in the automotive industry. To reach the goal of zero traffic-accident fatalities, developing innovative solutions to prevent fatigue is a key objective. Solutions for fatigue countermeasures during driving have not yet reached a satisfactory level for effectiveness and safety. The most effective ones, such as taking a break and napping, are highly intrusive in the sense that they require you to stop the vehicle or shift drivers. In the current study, the possibility of using odors to counter driver fatigue has been explored. In this proof-of-concept study, the aim was to investigate if a fragrance system incorporating trigeminal components can have an alerting effect on sleepy drivers. The goal of the project was to provide enough evidence to determine whether the alerting fragrance is effective enough to justify further development and integration of the product into vehicles. The fragrance was tested on 21 healthy but sleep-deprived individuals while they performed a driving task in a simulator. We investigated whether the fragrance system had a measurable effect on subjective sleepiness, objective signs of fatigue and driving performance and attention.
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| 2. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue
- 2022
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Ingår i: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 70-71
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 20% of all crashes. Prevention of fatigue related crashes is a major goal for the automotive industry. To reach this goal, both robust detection and effective countermeasures are required. The most effective countermeasure for sleepiness is sleep. Studies also show an increased alertness using caffein intake. Despite this, the most common countermeasure used is to stop to take a walk, turn on the radio/stereo or open a window. Countermeasures for fatigue may be a larger challenge than detection, since the most effective countermeasure, such as taking a nap, are highly intrusive in the sense that you need to make an unplanned stop (or shift drivers if there is more than one person in the car). Finding less intrusive, yet effective, countermeasures that could be deployed without requiring major replanning would thus provide a significant benefit to car makers who wish to deploy this type of technology in their vehicles.In the current study, the possibility of exposing drivers to odors when they are about to fall asleep has been explored. Previous research has found that specific fragrances can have alerting effects and that certain substances that act on trigeminal nerves can wake people from both light and deeper sleep. Therefore, the aim was to investigate if administration of a fragrance incorporating trigeminal components during fatigued driving can have a significant alerting effect.
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| 3. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue
- 2024
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 10–30% of all fatal crashes. Prevention of fatigue-related crashes relies on robust detection of driver fatigue and application of effective countermeasures. A potential countermeasure is fragrance administration since odors can have alerting effects on humans. The aim here was to investigate if a fragrance incorporating trigeminal components could be used as an in-vehicle countermeasure for driver fatigue.The fragrance was tested in a driving simulator with 21 healthy but sleep-deprived participants. Each participant performed a monotonous driving task twice, once with active fragrance containing a trigeminal component and once with olfactory fragrance, in a cross-over single-blind design. The order of trigeminal/olfactory fragrance was randomized and blinded to the participants. Both fragrances (trigeminal/olfactory) were administered either when the participant fell asleep (defined as eye closure > 3 s) or after approximately 45 min if the participant did not fall asleep.Self-reported sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 5 min during driving. Variability in speed and lateral position and line crossing frequency were logged for each drive to measure driving performance. Heart rate measurements (ECG) and eye blinks (EOG) were collected to investigate potential arousing effects of the fragrance and to track objective signs of sleepiness.
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