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| 2. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 3. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 4. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 5. |
- Denk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks: review of previous taxonomic schemes and synthesis of evolutionary patterns
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus <em>Quercus</em>. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. ; , s. 13-38
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we review major classification schemes proposed for oaksby John Claudius Loudon, Anders Sandøe Ørsted, William Trelease, Otto Karl AntonSchwarz, Aimée Antoinette Camus, Yuri Leonárdovich Menitsky, and Kevin C.Nixon. Classifications of oaks (Fig. 2.1) have thus far been based entirely on morphologicalcharacters. They differed profoundly from each other because each taxonomistgave a different weight to distinguishing characters; often characters that arehomoplastic in oaks. With the advent of molecular phylogenetics our view hasconsiderably changed. One of the most profound changes has been the realisation thatthe traditional split between the East Asian subtropical to tropical subgenusCyclobalanopsis and the subgenus Quercus that includes all other oaks is artificial.The traditional concept has been replaced by that of two major clades, each comprisingthree infrageneric groups: a Palearctic-Indomalayan clade including GroupIlex (Ilex oaks), Group Cerris (Cerris oaks) and Group Cyclobalanopsis (cycle-cupoaks), and a predominantly Nearctic clade including Group Protobalanus (intermediateor golden cup oaks), Group Lobatae (red oaks) and Group Quercus (white oaks, with most species in America and some 30 species in Eurasia). In addition, recentphylogenetic studies identified two distinct clades within a wider group of white oaks: the Virentes oaks of North America and a clade with two disjunct endemic species inwestern Eurasia and western North America, Quercus pontica and Q. sadleriana. Themain morphological feature characterising these phylogenetic lineages is pollenmorphology, a character overlooked in traditional classifications. This realisation,along with the now available (molecular-)phylogenetic framework, opens new avenuesfor biogeographic, ecological and evolutionary studies and a re-appraisal of thefossil record. We provide an overview about recent advances in these fields andoutline how the results of these studies contribute to the establishment of a unifyingsystematic scheme of oaks. Ultimately, we propose an updated classification ofQuercus recognising two subgenera with eight sections. This classification considersmorphological traits, molecular-phylogenetic relationships, and the evolutionaryhistory of one of the most important temperate woody plant genera.
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| 6. |
- Denk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Comment on “Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - USA : American Association for the advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wilf et al. (Research Articles, 7 June 2019, eaaw5139) claim that Castanopsis evolved in the Southern Hemisphere from where it spread to its modern distribution in Southeast Asia. However, extensive paleobotanical records of Antarctica and Australia lack evidence of any Fagaceae, and molecular patterns indicate shared biogeographic histories of Castanopsis, Castanea, Lithocarpus, and Quercus subgenus Cerris, making the southern route unlikely.
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| 7. |
- Pavlović, Tomislav, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: PNAS Nexus. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-6542 .- 2752-6542. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 ( = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution-individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.
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| 8. |
- Denk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny
- 2019
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; , s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tree of life is highly reticulate, with the history of population divergence emerging frompopulations of gene phylogenies that reflect histories of introgression, lineage sorting anddivergence. In this study, we investigate global patterns of oak diversity and test the hypothesisthat there are regions of the oak genome that are broadly informative about phylogeny. We utilize fossil data and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) for 632individuals representing nearly 250 Quercus species to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny ofthe world’s oaks. We use a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method to reconstructshifts in lineage diversification rates, accounting for among-clade sampling biases. We thenmap the > 20 000 RAD-seq loci back to an annotated oak genome and investigate genomicdistribution of introgression and phylogenetic support across the phylogeny. Oak lineages have diversified among geographic regions, followed by ecological divergencewithin regions, in the Americas and Eurasia. Roughly 60% of oak diversity traces back to fourclades that experienced increases in net diversification, probably in response to climatic transitionsor ecological opportunity. The strong support for the phylogeny contrasts with high genomic heterogeneity in phylogeneticsignal and introgression. Oaks are phylogenomic mosaics, and their diversity may infact depend on the gene flow that shapes the oak genome.
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| 9. |
- Kenward, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying governance strategies that effectively support ecosystem services, resource sustainability, and biodiversity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:13, s. 5308-5312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conservation scientists, national governments, and international conservation groups seek to devise, and implement, governance strategies that mitigate human impact on the environment. However, few studies to date have systematically investigated the performance of different systems of governance in achieving successful conservation outcomes. Here, we use a newly-developed analytic framework to conduct analyses of a suite of case studies, linking different governance strategies to standardized scores for delivering ecosystem services, achieving sustainable use of natural resources, and conserving biodiversity, at both local and international levels. Our results: (i) confirm the benefits of adaptive management; and (ii) reveal strong associations for the role of leadership. Our work provides a critical step toward implementing empirically justified governance strategies that are capable of improving the management of human-altered environments, with benefits for both biodiversity and people.
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