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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Khoo, E Y H, et al.
(författare)
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Elevation of alanine transaminase and markers of liver fibrosis after a mixed meal challenge in individuals with type 2 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 57:11, s. 3017-3025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHyperalimentation for 4 weeks is associated with raised liver enzymes and liver fat content (LFC), which are two common features found in individuals with diabetes.AimWe evaluated the effect of two mixed meal challenges on LFC, liver enzymes and serum bio-markers of liver injury and fibrosis in 16 healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsSubjects (HV: 9 male, 7 female, aged 57.9 ± 1.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.1 kg/m2; and T2DM: 11 male, 5 female, aged 62.1 ± 1.3 years, BMI 28.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2) consumed two meals at 1 h (884 kcal) and at 6 h (1,096 kcal). LFC determined by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, serum levels of liver enzymes, hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen III N-terminal peptide (P3NP) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were estimated at time 0 (fasting) and 9 h (postprandial).ResultsFasting LFC was higher in the T2DM group 7.6 % (4.9, 15.4) [median (inter-quartile range)] than in the HV group 2.3 % (0.8, 5.1) (p < 0.05) while levels of HA, P3NP and TIMP-1 were similar. Following the meal challenge there was no significant change in LFC. Subjects with T2DM had higher post-prandial rise in alanine transaminase (ALT) (p = 0.014), serum HA (p = 0.007) and P3NP (p = 0.015) compared with HV. Fasting LFC correlated with a greater post-prandial increase in P3NP levels in all subjects (Pearson correlation r = 0.53, p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn subjects with T2DM, a mixed meal challenge is associated with a significant elevation in the serum levels of ALT, HA and P3NP without significant changes in LFC. These markers should be performed in the fasted state.
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| 3. |
- Stephenson, M C, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in fasting lipid and glycogen contents in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissue in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes : a 1H and 13C MRS study
- 2013
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 26:11, s. 1518-1526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of tissue lipid and glycogen contents and the establishment of normal levels of variability are important when assessing changes caused by pathology or treatment. We measured hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid and glycogen levels using 1H and 13C MRS at 3 T in groups of subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Within-visit reproducibility, due to repositioning and instrument errors was determined from repeat measurements made over 1 h. Natural variability was assessed from separate measurements made on three occasions over 1 month. Hepatic lipid content was greater in subjects with diabetes relative to healthy subjects (p = 0.03), whereas levels of hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen, and of intra- and extra-myocellular lipid, were similar. The single-session reproducibility values (coefficient of variation, CV) for hepatic lipid content were 12% and 7% in groups of subjects with and without diabetes, respectively. The variability of hepatic lipid content over 1 month was greater than the reproducibility, with CV = 22% (p = 0.08) and CV = 44% (p = 0.004) in subjects with and without diabetes, respectively. Similarly, levels of variation in basal hepatic glycogen concentrations (subjects with diabetes, CV = 38%; healthy volunteers, CV = 35%) were significantly larger than single-session reproducibility values (CV = 17%, p = 0.02 and CV = 13%, p = 0.05, respectively), indicating substantial biological changes in basal concentrations over 1 month. There was a decreasing correlation in measurements of both hepatic lipid and glycogen content with increasing time between scans. Levels of variability in intra- and extra-myocellular lipid in the soleus muscle, and glycogen concentrations in the gastrocnemius muscle, tended to be larger than expected from single-session reproducibility, although these did not reach significance.
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| 4. |
- Hannon, Eilis, et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation meta-analysis reveals cellular alterations in psychosis and markers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a systematic analysis of blood DNA methylation profiles from 4483 participants from seven independent cohorts identifying differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with psychosis, schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychosis cases were characterized by significant differences in measures of blood cell proportions and elevated smoking exposure derived from the DNA methylation data, with the largest differences seen in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. We implemented a stringent pipeline to meta-analyze epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results across datasets, identifying 95 DMPs associated with psychosis and 1048 DMPs associated with schizophrenia, with evidence of colocalization to regions nominated by genetic association studies of disease. Many schizophrenia-associated DNA methylation differences were only present in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, potentially reflecting exposure to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. Our results highlight how DNA methylation data can be leveraged to identify physiological (e.g., differential cell counts) and environmental (e.g., smoking) factors associated with psychosis and molecular biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Are there two qualitatively distinct forms of dissociation? : A review and some clinical implications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 25:1, s. 1-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review aims to clarify the use of the term 'dissociation' in theory, research and clinical practice. Current psychiatric definitions of dissociation are contrasted with recent conceptualizations that have converged on a dichotomy between two qualitatively different phenomena: 'detachment' and 'compartmentalization'. We review some evidence for this distinction within the domains of phenomenology, factor analysis of self-report scales and experimental research. Available evidence supports the distinction but more controlled evaluations are needed. We conclude with recommendations for future research and clinical practice, proposing that using this dichotomy can lead to clearer case formulation and an improved choice of treatment strategy. Examples are provided within Depersonalization Disorder, Conversation Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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