| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 4. |
- Shirer, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of pseudospin fluctuations in URu2Si2
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 88:9, s. 094436-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report Si-29 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements in single crystals and aligned powders of URu2Si2 in the hidden order and paramagnetic phases. The spin-lattice relaxation data reveal evidence of pseudospin fluctuations of U moments in the paramagnetic phase. We find evidence for partial suppression of the density of states below 30 K and analyze the data in terms of a two-component spin-fermion model. We propose that this behavior is a realization of a pseudogap between the hidden-order transition T-HO and 30 K. This behavior is then compared to other materials that demonstrate precursor fluctuations in a pseudogap regime above a ground state with long-range order.
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| 5. |
- Kanchanavatee, N., et al.
(författare)
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Emergence of higher order rotational symmetry in the hidden order phase of URu2Si2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophical Magazine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-6435 .- 1478-6443. ; 97:2, s. 144-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrical resistivity measurements were performed as functions of temperature, magnetic field, and angle theta between the magnetic field and the c-axis of a URu2Si2 single crystal. The resistivity exhibits a two-fold oscillation as a function of theta at high temperatures, which undergoes a 180 degrees-phase shift (sign change) with decreasing temperature at around 35 K. The hidden order transition is manifested as a minimum in the magnetoresistance and amplitude of the two-fold oscillation. Interestingly, the resistivity also showed four-fold, six-fold, and eight-fold symmetries at the hidden order transition. These higher order symmetries were also detected at low temperatures, which could be a sign of the formation of another pseudogap phase above the superconducting transition, consistent with recent evidence for a pseudogap from point-contact spectroscopy measurements and NMR. Measurements of the magnetisation of single crystalline URu2Si2 with the magnetic field applied parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis revealed regions with linear temperature dependencies between the hidden order transition temperature and about 25 K. This T-linear behaviour of the magnetisation may be associated with the formation of a precursor phase or 'pseudogap' in the density of states in the vicinity of 30-35 K.
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| 7. |
- Mamode, N., et al.
(författare)
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Donor Autonomy and Self-Sacrifice in Living Organ Donation: An Ethical Legal and Psychological Aspects of Transplantation (ELPAT) View
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical teams understandably wish to minimise risks to living kidney donors undergoing surgery, but are often faced with uncertainty about the extent of risk, or donors who wish to proceed despite those risks. Here we explore how these difficult decisions may be approached and consider the conflicts between autonomy and paternalism, the place of self-sacrifice and consideration of risks and benefits. Donor autonomy should be considered as in the context of the depth and strength of feeling, understanding risk and competing influences. Discussion of risks could be improved by using absolute risk, supra-regional MDMs and including the risks to the clinical team as well as the donor. The psychological effects on the donor of poor outcomes for the untransplanted recipient should also be taken into account. There is a lack of detailed data on the risks to the donor who has significant co-morbidities.
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| 8. |
- Slaats, D., et al.
(författare)
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Donor and Recipient Perspectives on Anonymity in Kidney Donation From Live Donors: A Multicenter Survey Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-6386. ; 71:1, s. 52-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maintaining anonymity is a requirement in the Netherlands and Sweden for kidney donation from live donors in the context of nondirected (or unspecified) and paired exchange (or specified indirect) donation. Despite this policy, some donors and recipients express the desire to know one another. Little empirical evidence informs the debate on anonymity. This study explored the experiences, preferences, and attitudes of donors and recipients toward anonymity. Study Design: Retrospective observational multicenter study using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Setting & Participants: 414 participants from Dutch and Swedish transplantation centers who received or donated a kidney anonymously (nondirected or paired exchange) completed a questionnaire about anonymity. Participation was a median of 31 months after surgery. Factors: Country of residence, donor/recipient status, transplant type, time since surgery. Results: Most participants were satisfied with their experience of anonymity before and aftersurgery. A minority would have liked to have met the other party before (donors, 7%; recipients, 15%) or after (donors, 22%; recipients, 31%) surgery. Significantly more recipients than donors wanted to meet the other party. Most study participants were open to meeting the other party if the desire was mutual (donors, 58%; recipients, 60%). Donors agree significantly more with the principle of anonymity before and after surgery than recipients. Donors and recipients thought that if both parties agreed, it should be permissible to meet before or after surgery. There were few associations between country or time since surgery and experiences or attitudes. The pros and cons of anonymity reported by participants were clustered into relational and emotional, ethical, and practical and logistical domains. Limitations: The relatively low response rate of recipients may have reduced generalizability. Recall bias was possible given the time lag between transplantation and data collection. Conclusions: This exploratory study illustrated that although donors and recipients were usually satisfied with anonymity, the majority viewed a strict policy on anonymity as unnecessary. These results may inform policy and education on anonymity.
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